NRES 103 Final Exam 2023, Verified Solution

NRES 103 Final Exam 2023, Verified Solution 12,000 years ago The last glacier withdrew from North America about Niagara Falls What prevented water-bound organisms from migrating from the ocean to the upper Great Lakes? It focuses on trophic relationships as a network Rather than a food chain, it's more accurate to think in terms of a food web because Downdrafts Which of the following is not a feature that the Great Lakes share with the oceans? Downdrafts, waves, upwelling, currents Rising land surface after the glacier's retreat The film clip "The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes" describes a number of geologic phenomena that have changed the lakes over time. One of these has to do with the transition from a northerly outflow of Great Lakes water to a southerly course. This transition was caused by The stormiest According to the film "What's So Great About the Great Lakes", of the five lakes, Superior is not: The deepest, stormiest, coldest, clearest It's quite large yet eats small prey items Who eats who in lakes is not necessarily linear, as exemplified by the lake sturgeon because Outflow Rain, snow, and surface runoff from streams and rivers add water to the Great Lakes, but this is offset by Human ignorance At this point in time, what is the biggest problem facing the Great Lakes? 20% How much of the planet's available freshwater is found in the Great Lakes? Water quality Turnover of water, or mixing, in lakes is important in terms of maintaining The sun All energy is derived from They are geographically concentrated, connectivity, the location, all of the above Which of the following factors contribute to the uniqueness of the Great Lakes? Trophic The concept of a food chain is all about what type of relationships? Elevation The west-to-east flow of the Great Lakes is due to the differences in Seiche An extreme form of wave action in the Great Lakes that is associated with rapid changed in wind and barometric pressure is known as a They're actually one lake There was a mistake make in naming Lakes Michigan and Huron. What was it? Erie What is the shallowest of the Great Lakes? The Atlantic Ocean At one point, the Great Lakes were all connected to The salt concentration of Lake Michigan has been steadily increasing over the last 1000 years Which of the following does not serve as an example of the dynamic nature of the Great Lakes over geographic time? Global connectivity In recent decades, what is the primary factor that has led to an exponential increase in the movement of invasive species? Encountered impassible rapids The firs European to explore the St. Lawrence River was Jacques Cartier, but after 1000 miles he had to turn back because The lakes are relatively young There have been a number of unintended environmental consequences that have adversely affected the lakes once they were connected to one another and to the Atlantic Ocean. The reason is that Lacking in some ways but equal or superior in others Compared to the Europeans, the Woodland Culture was By humans Most invasive species are introduced Invasive tend to cause negative environmental consequences A key difference between non-native (or exotic) species and invasive species is that Than the Panama and Suez Canal's combines On an annual basis, the Soo Locks handle more ships and more tonnage All the above The lamprey moved slowly through Lake Erie because Through the Erie Canal It's thought that the lampreys first entered Lake Ontario Dynamic In nature, ecosystems are The creeks where lampreys nest Vernon Applegate was able to help reduce lamprey populations by focusing on Preying on their young and outcompeting them for food The alewife came to dominate native fish in the Great Lakes by Warmer and shallower There were fewer alewives in Lake Erie because, compared to the upper lakes, it is Were reproducing in the wild in prodigious numbers Fisheries managers were surprised to learn that the chinook salmon Data In the scientific method, predictions are generated from hypothesis, then tested with With observations The scientific method is initiated Accommodated longer and wider ships Compared to the Erie Canal, the Welland Canal Transportation A key commercial use of the Great Lakes from the days of La Salle involves To find a passage to the Great South Sea and Cathay The primary mission of the early French explorers of the Great Lakes was The Sioux Which of the following is a Native American tribe that the French did not encounter in the Great Lakes region? Being ingested by invasive mussels, gobies ate toxic mussels, birds consumed toxic gobies Botulism-causing bacteria spread up the food chain after Bioacculumation What is the process by which toxins reach higher levels in species that are higher up the food chain? Because they thought it was relatively harmless, even though they did not have Congressional approval to do so, because doing so would reduce administrative costs The EPA exempted the discharge of ballast water from the Clean Water Act Have their native range in the Black and/or Caspian Seas, likely reached the Great Lakes in the ballast of a freighter, first appeared in North America in or near Lake St. Clair The zebra mussel, quagga mussel, and round goby Inhibiting their ability to open their shells Zebra mussels impact native mussels directly Offspring are covered with hairs that help them to catch currents Even though zebra mussels can only move about 14" an hour using their 'foot,' they can rapidly reach new locations because They could not have survived the oceans salinity or depth The zebra mussel could not have 'walked' across the Atlantic Ocean to reach the Great Lakes, even over many generations, because The 9-month shipping season, that the locks and channels were too small A key problem with the St. Lawrence Seaway was To allow ocean-going freighters access to the Great Lakes, because the U.S. President saw strategic value there during the Cold War with the USSR The St. Lawrence Seaway was constructed Filtering organic material from the water column, eating algae Native mussels in the Great Lakes helped to maintain water clarity by Not correct Their ability to reproduce at a relatively young age, the ability of females to produce so many eggs, a lack of native predators in the Great Lakes, their high filtration rate Features of zebra mussels that enabled them to be such successful invaders include An extremely high reproductive rate Another ballast hitch-hiker, the Eurasian ruffe, became a very successful invader in the Great Lakes, largely due to The Cuyahoga River In a sense, it could be said that the Clean Water Act had its origins in