ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EXAM 1 PRACTICE TEST

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EXAM 1 PRACTICE TEST When a new species evolves as a result of geographic isolation it is referred to as A. sympatric speciation B. Natural Speciation C. Allopatric Speciation D. Resource partitioning - CORRECT ANSWER-C Gifford Pinchot believed that resources should be used for the greatest good for the greatest number for the longest time and thus he practiced A. Biocentric preservation B. Utilitarian conservation C.Holistic preservation D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-B Which of the following is/are an examples of deductive reasoning? A. I have looked at thousands of swans around the word and they have all been white; Therefore swans are white B. All insects have six legs, these butterflies have six legs; therefore these butterflies are insects - CORRECT ANSWER-B An environmental scientist appearing on GMA claims that elevated pesticide levels are present in orange juice and are a thread to children's health. A critical thinker would A. ignore the claim B. Fell relieved that the source of pollution has been identified C. Acknowledge the claim because an environmental scientist is an expert D. Consult the local newspaper to see if the info is correct E. non of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-E Chasing Ice was shown to the class in an effort to raise awareness about? A. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels B. Global climate change C. The melting of the polar ice caps D. The use of "non-science" to illustrate science issues E. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-E ________ is the management of a resource is such a way to assure it will continue to provide maximum benefit to humans over the long run while _____ is protecting a resource out of ethical and aesthetic considerations rather than potential utility A. Sustainability; conservation B. Conservation; Utilitarianism C. Conservation; preservation D. Environmentalism; preservation - CORRECT ANSWER-C The preferred method for studying systems is A. With the use of models B. Through what others have done C. In-situ studies D. Ex-situ studies - CORRECT ANSWER-C When glaciers break apart it is called? A. Birthing B. Calving C. Sloughing D. Splintering - CORRECT ANSWER-B _____ is considered the catalyst of modern awareness of the threat of toxic pollution and the notion of environmentalism related to human health. A. Rachel Carson B. Aldo Leopold C. Gifford Pinchot D. John Muir - CORRECT ANSWER-A When organic nitrogen such as protein is added to soil, denitrification of nitrogen in the protein will occur when conditions are A. Aerobic B. Anaerobic C. Aerobic followed by anaerobic D. Anaerobic followed by aerobic - CORRECT ANSWER-C ______ found the Wilderness Society, author A Sand Almanac and argued for stewardship of the land A. John Muir B. Rachel Carson C. Gifford Pinchot D. Aldo Leopold - CORRECT ANSWER-D An enzyme is to a_____ as a fat or oil is to a _______ A. Nucleic acid; lipid B. Protein; lipid C. Nucleic acid; carbohydrate D. Carbohydrate; protein - CORRECT ANSWER-B The basic principles of science include A. Science provides absolute proof B. When two explanations are reasonable the more complex is generally correct C. We learn by careful observations of empirical phenomena D. B and C are correct - CORRECT ANSWER-C Networks of interdependent components and processes with material flowing from on component to another are know as A. positive feedback loops B. Models C. Systems D. Throughputs - CORRECT ANSWER-C The conservation of matter principle is that matter A. is composed of atoms and molecules B. Cannot be created, destroyed, nor changed in form C. Must be used carefully or earth will eventually run out D. Can neither be created nor destroyed - CORRECT ANSWER-D A crow eating a rod-kill rabbit would be an example of a A. Decomposer B. detritivore C. Scavenger D. Producer - CORRECT ANSWER-C Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 100 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, the producer would produce about ____ kilograms of primary consumer tissue that would provide about ____ kilograms of tissue for the secondary consumer. A. 1; 10 B. 10; 1 C. 1;1 D. 10;0.1 - CORRECT ANSWER-B Producers rely on ______ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on _____ to release chemical energy. A. Cellular respiration; photosynthesis B. Photosynthesis; Cellular respiration C. Cellular respiration; cellular respiration D. Photosynthesis; photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER-C A group of individuals of a particular type that are genetically similar enough to breed in nature and produce live, fertile offspring is called A. community B. ecosystem C. species D. population - CORRECT ANSWER-C In a highly stressed biological community, the abundance numbers are often _____ and the diversity is often ______. A. large; small B. small; small C. small; large D. large; large - CORRECT ANSWER-A Experiments in which one condition is deliberately altered and all other variables remain constant are know as _______ experiments A. Natural B. Controlled C. Manipulative D. Blind - CORRECT ANSWER-C _____ energy is stored energy whereas ____ energy is energy in moving objects A. Kinetic; chemical B. Reserved; chemical C. Potential; kinetic D. Kinetic; potential - CORRECT ANSWER-C Photosynthesis produces sugars from A. water, carbon dioxide and energy B. water other sugars, and oxygen C. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water D. Oxygen, water and energy - CORRECT ANSWER-A In the terrestrial carbon cycle, the largest amount of carbon would be found in A. atmospheric carbon dioxide B. litter fall C. low vegetation D. soil - CORRECT ANSWER-D Human activities such as _____ release large quantities of sulfur A. Use of synthetic fertilizers B. burning wood C. burning fossil fuel D. use of detergents - CORRECT ANSWER-C Carbon sequestration involves the capture and long-term storage of carbon dioxide in A. soil organic matter B. oceans C. terrestrial forests D. geological formations E. all the above - CORRECT ANSWER-E A ecosystem consists of A. a physical environment within which a biological community lives B. the species with which a biological community interacts C. a biological community and its physical environment D. the primary producers within a biological community - CORRECT ANSWER-C Which of the following would be an example of infraspecific competition? A. fungus and algae or cynobacterium that form a lichen B. two male bluebirds fighting over a specific nesting site C. fox catching a rabbit and eating it D. a male bluebird and a male robin fighting over a grasshopper - CORRECT ANSWER-B The conversion of inorganic chemical forms to organic chemical forms is defined as A. Immobilization B. Mineralization C. Volatilization D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-A Populations are critically limited by A. available food B. available water C. sustainable shelter D. cover from predators E. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-E Productivity in an ecosystem has to do with A. the efficiency of its primary producers B. its longevity C. the number of different species living in the ecosystem D. Its rate of producing biomass - CORRECT ANSWER-D If an ecosystem exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings, it would be referred to as a(n) ___ system A. close B. open C. dynamic D. collaborative - CORRECT ANSWER-B A symbiotic relaitonship in which one organism benefits while the other neither benefits nor is banned is A. Commenalism B. Parasitism C. Mutualism D. communalism - CORRECT ANSWER-A Biomass includes all A. Material in an ecosystem B. Living matter present at a given time C. Living and non-living things D. Biological material from living or recently living organisms - CORRECT ANSWER-D Primary succession occurs when a community develops _____ while secondary succession occurs when one ____ A. Into a climax community; species replaces another B. And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable C. On unoccupied ground; biological community replaces another D. And then fails; niche changes - CORRECT ANSWER-C A community that exchanges very little over time is said to have great A. Renewable ability B. Complexity C. Diversity D. Constancy - CORRECT ANSWER-D Boundaries between adjacent communities are known as A. Ecotones B. Edge effects C. Transitions D. Corridors - CORRECT ANSWER-A Natural selection will ultimately make a species A. More intelligent B. Physically bigger C. Better adapted to its environment D. More aggressive - CORRECT ANSWER-C The single factor in shortest supply relative to demand is the limiting factor and is known as A. Shelford's Rule B. Leopold's Edict C. Liebig's Law D. Carson's concept - CORRECT ANSWER-C Resource partitioning leads species to A. feed at different times B. Utilize slightly different prey C. Develop different physiological adaptions D. Live in slightly different regions E. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-E Evolution occurs as a result of A. the discovery of desirable characteristic in a population B. the individual's physiological modification in a species C. Environmental change that forces modification in a species D. Better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic - CORRECT ANSWER-D If the pH of the water i a pond goes from 5.5 to 3.5, the acidity of the pond has A. increased 10 fold B. decreased 1 fold C. increased 100 fold D. decreased 10 fold - CORRECT ANSWER-C A biological community consists of all A. populations living and interacting in an area B. members of a species living in the same area C. living things on earth D. populations of a given species - CORRECT ANSWER-A ____ allows scientists to gather info about complicated and interrelated environmental systems A. charts B. graphs C. models D. figures - CORRECT ANSWER-C Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of A. number of different species in the population B. number of species at each trophic level and number of trophic levels in a community C. genetic diversity in species at each trophic level D. primary producers available within a biological community - CORRECT ANSWER-B As energy is used and transformed it gradually becomes _____ quality and ____ concentrated A. higher; more B. lower; more C. higher; less D. lower; less - CORRECT ANSWER-