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Summary BIOLOGY DNA and RNA
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Summary of 3 pages for the course at (NUCLEOTIDES)
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Nucleic acidsNucleic acids are polymers.
Exist as polynucleotides made up of
monomers called nucleotides.
They contain C,H,O,N and P.
They are macromolecules, bio polymers
There are two types;
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acids)
RNA(ribonucleic acids)
Structure of nucleotides
Nucleotides have three components as;
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base and
Phosphate group
A nucleotide without a phosphate group is called a
Nucleosides.eg-: guanosine,adenosine
Pentose sugar
Pentose sugars are of two types;namely
➢ deoxyribose and
➢ ribose( in deoxyribose one oxygen atom is less than ribose)
Nitrogenous bases
There are two types of nitrogenous bases;
➢ Purine-larger in size with two rings
➢ Pyrimidines-smaller in size with single ring
Purines
Adenine, guanine
Pyrimidines
Cytosine ,uracil,thymine
Phosphate group
It gives acidic nature to nucleic acids.
Formation of nucleic acids
Millions of nucleotides join by phosphodiester bonds to form polynucleotides.
Phosphodiester bond is formed by condensation reaction between the OH group of
phosphate of one nucleotide and the OH group attached to the 3 rd carbon in pentose
sugar of the another.
These bond results in a backbone with a repeating pattern of sugar phosphate units.
Nucleic acids are linear polymers of nucleotides.
There are two types of nucleic acids;
❖ DNA(deoxyribonucleic acids)
Sugar molecule is deoxyribose. Contains A,G,C,T.
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