Nurs 212 (A+ Graded) 2024.

Why Is Theory Important? correct answers Nursing as a profession is strengthened when nursing knowledge is built on sound theory. Theory is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision-making (Tomey and Alligood, 2010). Philosophies of Nursing correct answers A philosophy is a set of beliefs about the nature of how the world works. A nursing philosophy puts together some or all concepts of the metaparadigm. Nightingale's philosophy Henderson's philosophy Watson's philosophy Conceptual Models of Nursing correct answers Conceptual models provide organizational structures for critical thinking about the processes of nursing. Models are less abstract and more formalized than the philosophies. Models are more abstract than theories of nursing. Examples: ØOrem's Self-care Model ØKing's Interacting Systems Framework Theory and Theory of Goal Attainment ØRoy's Adaptation Model Grand-to-Middle Range Theories correct answers Grand theory is a broad conceptualization of nursing phenomena. Middle-range theory is narrower in focus and makes connections between grand theories and nursing practice. Theories are less abstract than models and usually propose specific outcomes. Examples: ØPeplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations in Nursing ØOrlando's Nursing Process Theory ØLeininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality Middle Range Theories ofNursing correct answers Middle-range theories are neither overly broad nor narrow in scope. ØThey incorporate a limited number of concepts and focus on a specific aspect of nursing. ØThey typically merge practice and research. Examples include: ØSwanson's Caring Theory was based on couples experiencing miscarriages (Swanson, 1991). ØMishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory—studied men with prostate cancer who were watchfully waiting for advancing their disease rather than seeking aggressive therapies (Mishel, 1988). ØJezewski's Cultural Brokering Theory—based on qualitative research on politically and economically powerless or those who were vulnerable as a function of advanced disease (Jezewski, 1995).