Primavera Biology B Unit 2: DNA and the Genetic Code 100% Correct

Primavera Biology B Unit 2: DNA and the Genetic Code 100% Correct CHECKPOINT 07 Which correctly describe a part of the DNA molecule and what the part is made of? Select all that apply. rungs—bases backbone—a phosphate group and a sugar A scientist is trying to determine if a nucleic acid is RNA. What features should the molecule have? Select all that apply. a single strand the sugar ribose Why is DNA antiparallel? Its double strands run in opposite directions. Which of the following bases pair with pyrimidines? Select all that apply. A G What are some functions of DNA? Select all that apply. transferring genetic information to generations storing information about all of life's processes What do DNA and RNA have in common? adenine and guanine Which of the following is not a type of RNA? carrier RNA Which enzyme pairs the free nucleotides to the complementary strand of DNA? DNA polymerase Which of the following statements are true about DNA polymerase? Select all that apply. On the lagging strand, it works away from the replication fork. It adds nucleotides from the 5' end of the DNA toward the 3' end. On the leading strand, it works toward the replication fork. CHECKPOINT 08 AUG is the start codon, and UAG, UGA, and UAA are the possible stop codons. The code on a human mRNA reads AUGCCCUUUAUGGGGUAA. Which statements are true about this sequence? Select all that apply. The protein will have five amino acids. Two methionine amino acids will be in the protein chain. What is a start codon? Select all that apply. A codon that begins protein synthesis. A codon that inserts the first amino acid of a protein chain. Which statements are true for stop codons? Select all that apply. They signal the termination of protein synthesis. They do not code for an amino acid. What can be said about mitochondria and its genetic code? Select all that apply. Mitochondria interpret some codons differently than the standard genetic code. Which of these statements describe the function of the ribosome? Select all that apply. Ribosomes translate mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. Ribosomes are protein-manufacturing centers. Ribosomes manufacture polypeptide chains in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. True Which of the following statements are true about the structure of ribosomes? Select all that apply. Ribosomes do not have an outer membrane. Ribosomes contain proteins and RNA. Ribosomes are composed of a small subunit and large subunit. What are differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes? Select all that apply. Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than prokaryotic ribosomes. Ribosomes can be found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes. Which term refers to the cell's main protein-production site? ribosomes Which statements are true about mRNA? Select all that apply. It has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). It is the product of transcription during protein synthesis. Its base sequence is complementary to that of DNA. Which statements are true about tRNA? Select all that apply. It carries an anticodon on one end, which is complementary to mRNA codons. It reads an mRNA strand three bases at a time during protein production. CHECKPOINT 09 Review the following DNA sequences: Original DNA Sequence: A T T G C T A A G T C A Mutated DNA Sequence: A T T G T A A G T C A Which type of mutation has occurred? deletion Which type of mutation occurs when one base in a DNA sequence is replaced by a different base? substitution What type of mutation occurs when a base is substituted in the DNA sequence for a gene, but the same amino acid is still produced? silent A study of a person's DNA reveals that a segment of a chromosome is rotated around in the wrong direction. What is this mutation called? inversion X-rays can mutate DNA. What can X-rays be defined as? a physical mutagen A preservative in skincare products can alter DNA. What can the preservative be defined as? a chemical mutagen What is the term for a physical or chemical agent that causes a mutation? mutagen Which mutagen is an example of a physical agent? ultraviolet radiation CHECKPOINT 10 How does gene regulation relate to organism complexity? More complex organisms need to have more methods of gene regulation. Which of the statements about operons are true? Select all that apply. Operons are commonly found in prokaryotes. Genes in an operon are transcribed together, resulting in one large mRNA molecule. Which are functions of small RNAs? Select all that apply. to cause a protein complex to break down mRNA molecules to prevent mRNA molecules from being translated Which of these statements describe ways that eukaryotic cells regulate protein production? Select all that apply. Alteration of mRNA occurs in the nucleus. Small RNA binds to a target on mRNA. Proteins are broken down into amino acids. Which is a way that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes regulate protein production? small RNA What is cancer? a general term for diseases in which cells lose the ability to regulate their normal cycle Which are considered carcinogens? Select all that apply. tobacco smoke asbestos Cancer cells differ from normal cells in many ways. What are some of their features? Select all that apply. They fail to stop growing upon contact with neighboring cells. They divide uncontrollably. They can form their own blood vessels. What are effects of cancer on the body? Select all that apply. It disrupts normal cell function. It destroys healthy tissue. Which statements are true about cancer? Select all that apply. Genetic mutations can cause certain genes to be shut off in cancer cells. Genetic mutations that lead to cancer can be caused by exposure to carcinogens Genetic mutations in cancer cells are often related to the cell cycle.