HSC MISC Pharmacology Exam 1: Weeks 1-3 2023- Florida International University

HSC MISC Pharmacology Exam 1: Weeks 1-3 2023- Florida International University Intro to Pharmacology: What is Pharmacology: ● Derived from Greek words: pharmakon which means “medicine” and logos which means “study” or simply defined as the study of medicine ● Broad term for the study or science of “drugs” ● Includes the study of how drugs are administered and how the body responds Drugs Are Used To: ● Prevent - ex. Birth control ● Cure - ex. Chemo (in some cases) ● Diagnose - ex. contrast dye, TB test ● Alleviate - ex. make pain less severe but does not remove completely ● Relieve - ex. completely remove pain; Note: pain is rated on a 0-10 scale Pharmacognosy: ● Study of natural sources of drugs: ○ Plants: Morphine ○ Animals: Insulin & Heparin (older forms), & Premarin ○ Minerals: Iron (Fe), Aspirin (ASA) ○ Synthetic: Lab created - Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ○ Semi-synthetic: Natural & man-made - Most antibiotics Drug Classifications: ● Therapeutic Classification: What it will treat ○ Usefulness in treating specific diseases or disorders ■ Ex. anti-coagulants, anti-HTN, anti-anginal ● Pharmacologic Classification: How it will work in the body ○ Refers to the way the drug works at the molecular, tissue, or body system ■ Ex. Diuretic, calcium channel blocker (CCB), vasodilator ● Prototype: Well-understood model drug with which other drugs in a pharmacologic class may be compared ○ 1st drug developed in the category Naming of Drugs: (most drugs have three names) ● Chemical Name: ○ Relates to the chemical structure ○ Describes the drug’s chemical composition ■ Ex. N-acetyl-para-aminophenol ● Generic Name: (used for exam) ○ Non-proprietary name; assigned by US Adopted Name Council (USANC) ■ Ex. acetaminophen (not capitalized) ● Trade Name: ○ Proprietary - assigned by manufacturer ○ Registered trademark; use of name restricted by drug’s patent owner ■ Ex. Tylenol (capitalized) ● Combination Name: ○ Drug product w/ more than one active generic ingredient Regulatory Acts, Standards, and Organizations: ● Was not mentioned in LES. Review on ppt slide. FDA Drug Approval Process: ● Phase I - Preclinical Investigation (HEALTHY PATIENTS) ○ Side effects & Occurrence ● Phase II - Clinical Investigation (HEALTHY & SICK (PLACEBO+DRUG)) ○ Longest part; small clinical test group ● Phase III - Review of New Drug Application (NDA) ○ 17-24 months; FDA reviews info from Phase 2 ● Phase IV - Post-Marketing Surveillance ○ FDA approved; see side effects within population & recall if necessary Schedule for Controlled Substances: ● Schedules 1, 2, 3 mentioned in LES ***Know the abuse potential*** . . . . . . . . . .