CPACC: Categories and Characteristics of Disabilities and Associated Barrier

CPACC: Categories and Characteristics of Disabilities and Associated Barrier Blindness - Definition: Blindness is a sensory disability involving nearly complete vision loss. Characteristics: Some people are completely blind, without the ability to see anything. Others can perceive light versus dark, or the general shapes of large objects, but cannot read text or recognize people by sight. Demographics: As reported by the World Health Organization Fact Sheet: Vision Impairment and Blindness: • Globally, at least 2.2 billion people have a vision impairment or blindness, of whom at least 1 billion have a vision impairment that could have been prevented or has yet to be addressed. • The 1 billion people with vision impairment includes those with moderate or severe distance vision impairment or blindness due to unaddressed refractive error, as well as near vision impairment caused by unaddressed presbyopia. • Globally, the leading causes of vision impairment are uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts. • The majority of people with vision impairment are over 50 years of age. Color Blindness - Definition: Color blindness is a sensory disability that impairs a person's ability to distinguish certain color combinations. Characteristics: The most common forms of color-blindness affect an individual's ability to distinguish reds and greens, although other colors may be affected. Demographics: According to the US National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference article, Color Vision Deficiency: • Red-green color vision defects are the most common form of color vision deficiency. This condition affects males much more often than females. Among populations with Northern European ancestry, it occurs in about 1 in 12 males and 1 in 200 females. Red-green color vision defects have a lower incidence in almost all other populations studied. • Blue-yellow color v