CPCE Exam 100% ACCREDITED 2023 SOLUTIONS GRADE A+ GARANTEED

When beginning a counseling relationship, you are ethically required to Inform the patient of the limits of confidentiality As you begin a counseling relationship, it is important to jointly decide, between patient and counselor, how the counseling process will proceed A client arrives for counseling with the presenting complaint of relationship difficulties. She goes on to describe that she has had multiple abortions, and seems to use abortion as a birth control method. You are personally opposed to abortion. How should your personal beliefs impact the therapeutic relationship? Your personal belief system should not have any bearing on the therapeutic relationship You have been involved in a counseling relationship with a client for six months, when he presents you with a small gift. What should you do? Accept or decline depending on the circumstances You are court-ordered to disclose confidential information about a client you are counseling. What do you do? Limit, as much as possible, any possibly damaging personal information and obtain written permission from your client to share confidential information What should you do if your client requests to see his confidential file? Accept or decline depending upon circumstances You are a counselor with several clients, and at the same time you are adjusting to a difficult divorce. You aren't sleeping or eating well, find you are highly distractible, and generally are less in-touch with your emotional state. You should... Be alert to your mental status, and be able to determine if continuing with your clients poses any threat of being detrimental to the counseling process A former client of yours has been arrested for a crime. As his former counselor, you are called to perform a forensic evaluation. What is your responsibility in this case? It is not considered ethical to perform a forensic evaluation on a current or past client, so you should decline You are the supervisor for a new counselor, and are asked to attend her wedding. Would it be ethical to do so? Yes, you should be able to attend her wedding without a breach of ethics While involved with a research study, you learn that several of your students are using confidential material in an unethical manner. You had no prior knowledge of this, and all of your safeguards for professional practice were appropriate. Are you, as the principal researcher, responsible for the student's behavior Yes, you are ultimately responsible When publishing research, it is important to Give credit to other contributors or sources, not plagiarize, and submit material to only one journal at a time When a conflict arises between the American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and a governing authority, which takes precedence? Ultimately the law may be adhered to over the Code of Ethics An ethics violation should NOT be reported when A counselor has been retained to review another counselor who is in question; and when confidentiality rights would be violated What does multicultural/diversity counseling refer to? Counseling that recognizes diversity and approaches beneficial to specific groups and an approach that all counselors should ethically be aware of Most ethical issues are related to Confidentiality Only one psychoanalyst's developmental theory covers the entire lifespan. Who is he? Erik Erikson The Id, Ego, Superego are attributed to which psychoanalyst? Sigmund Freud What is the fourth stage of Jean Piaget's four stages Formal Operations Identity Crisis Erik Erikson Positive Psychology processes that contribute to optimal functioning/ not focusing on abnormalities Smoking habit to Sigmund Freud Oral Fixation Most mental health professionals believe no one theory of development completely explains the process John Bowlby Attachment Theory Lawrence Kohlberg's three levels of morality Pre-conventional, Conventional, and post-conventional Female version of Freud's Oedipus complex Electra Complex Researcher known for Rhesus Monkeys Harry Harlow Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory of human motivation - psychological, safety, love, affection, belongingness Down Syndrome Chromosomal abnormality John Watson Little Albert experiment Albert Bandura's best-known research Bobo Doll study What did Lev Vygotsky stress in his development theory? Cultural Context and language Freudian Defense Mechanism Repression Imprinting Konrad Lorenz Incorporating several therapeutic theories in your work eclectic Complaining of feeling restless, mood swings, times of hopelessness, periods of high energy and creativity in which she can go days without sleep Bipolar Client presents with his wife both complaining the patient has had a change in cognitive function including language and memory. Client denies loss of pleasure in normal activities and denies feeling sad, but client is able to manage his medications but requires someone to set up his medication box and set a timer for him. Neurocognitive Disorder Disorder of thought; disorder of mood Schizophrenia; bipolar disorder Mirroring back client's verbalizations, and not passing judgment. Facilitating in assisting his client in reaching resolution of the presenting problems. Rogerian, client-centered therapy Binge eating coupled with inappropriate methods of controlling one's weight may be a symptom of Bulimia Concerns of his health; reports chronic intestinal difficulties, but has not sought medical treatment for his concerns. For the last five years he rarely feels at ease while at his job. Feels uneasy when outside the home Agoraphobia loss of appetite; nervousness, and recurrent nightmares of a past hospital experience from years prior, where she says she almost died PTSD Actively defiant of instructions, argues regularly, spiteful, and resentful. School performance is marginal. Oppositional defiant disorder 40-year old client not feeling comfortable socially after gaining weight. Unwilling to try new activities and avoiding activities he once found enjoyable Avoidant Personality Disorder Client believes his favorite actress is in love with him. He is appropriate in every other way and substance use is not the factor Delusional Disorder Cyclothymia Mild form of bipolar disorder. Cause is unknown Client needs help with substance use, uses recreationally on the weekends. Two DUIs within 3 years Stimulant Use Disorder Complaints about significant Chronic back pain and shoulder pain (basis of a disability claim), when seen he looks fully physical capable of bending and picking up things Malingering - to receive an external reward Symptoms of Schizophrenia categorized in three groups Positive, Negative, and Disorganized Couple comes in. Wife displays feelings of distrust and no tolerance for relationships and also experiences excessive over-valuation "he's the best thing that every happened to me" Borderline Personality Disorder A patient diagnosed with depression/suicide ideation suddenly appears to feel better and think more clearly Suicide has increased! 20 year-old male college student. Last 6-7 months grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior and speech, hallucinations, poor responses Schizophrenia...Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual When a client's physical symptoms have a psychological cause it is referred to as Conversion Disorder Appraisal Any means by which by which a counselor assesses a client. ie: mental health exam, IQ test Type of test - NCE Objective Test created by David Wechsler IQ When administering tests to a client, the counselor should always Inform the client of limitations of testing Validity (In testing) How accurate the test is Reliability (in testing) How consistent the results are The only test you are using with your client has a reliability of .60, you should... disregard the results of the test as the reliability is too low Francis Galton Inherited intellectual abilities; father of behavioral genetics; personality traits are passed down J.P. Guilford individual differences and intellect; creativity Developed the first intelligence test Alfred Binet and Theophilus Simon Rorschach Inkblot test Most researched test in history MMPI; Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Psychometrics Psychological measurement; measures the inner workings of the mind and behavior Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality test You say a word to your client and he answers back with the first thing that comes to mind. What theorist developed the method you're using Carl Jung A career test that tests one's ABILITY An aptitude test When did group counseling begin to be done more regularly After the 1960s Which early theorist engaged in group therapy Alfred Adler Group therapy session that will be open only to patients suffering from depression, and will not allow new patients to join once the sessions have started. What type of group therapy are you offering? Homogenous closed groups (members share similarity; does not add new members once the session has begun) Closed group Stronger cohesiveness within the group and less cost-effective A common weakness in group therapy Not setting firm goals for the group Why did R.K. Conyne create the "Group Work Grid" to expand practical understanding of group work E-therapy Online Psychological Treatment You're concerned about how your group therapy sessions are progressing? Have an outsider observer assess the group When counseling young children in a group setting, it is helpful to enlist the involvement Parents In a group therapy setting, what is a gate keeper a role assumed by a group therapy member Someone who always agrees with anything the other group members say is nonassertive There are various stages in group therapy Forming, Storming, Norming, performing, and adjourning In group therapy, what is a blocker Group member who blocks new ideas Clients who are in the midst of a personal crisis are often not good candidates for group therapy. They would need... Medication and individual psychotherapy Group process analysis of the group's interactions Group Content the material that is being discussed within the group Most therapists consider the best size for group therapy to be between 6 and 8 members Branch of Psychology deals primarily with groups and social factors Social Psychology Who is considered the father of sociology Emile Durkheim You are sent a client who is culturally different from yourself. Is it ethical for you to counsel this client Yes,Counselor can enter a therapeutic relationship with someone who is culturally different Proxemics The study of proximity; refers to personal and interpersonal space An Asian client is most likely to choose a counselor who is Asian An area of study in social cognition Attribution A cultural norm how people are supposed to act Milgram experiment People will usually obey authority Social Distance Scale Emory Bogardus Foot in the Door Technique Compliance - Freedman and Frasier. If you ask someone for something small, they will eventually comply with getting something big Self fulfilling prophecy the false becomes true. Robert Merton. Stating something false will eventually come to pass Theory that helps explain prejudice Social Identity Theory - Henry Tajfel. When associated with a group, people will begin to think they are better than another group Altruism may be explained by Social Exchange Theory Jack and Samantha are alike in every way an it isn't long before they marry. What might explain their relationship? Consensual validity; they validate each other Cognitive Dissonance Making up excuses to make you feel better about yourself. Justifying your bad behavior in order to stay consistent - Leon Festinger The contingency model of leadership states that leadership is determined by Personality and situation Bystander effect You are more likely to help someone in need if you are the only other person present Your client is struggling with a weight problem. She loves sweets, but she hates what they do to her body. Your client's conflict is one of Approach/Avoidance (3 types - avoidance/avoidance and approach/approach) Acculturation When two cultures mix The Likert scale measures... Attitude and Physical Health You are asked to speak to a group and you plan your presentation based upon your knowledge of one of the members. What type of reasoning are you employing? Inductive Reasoning Using a specific measurement, such as smiles to measure happiness is an example of operational definition Every element of the population has an equal chance of being sampled. What type of sampling is this? Random Sampling A study measuring the IQ levels of a group of men, of differing ages, performed on a single day is most likely an example of Cross-Sectional study type of measurement which causes participants to behave differently because they are being watched Observer effect; Hawthorne effect Research study in which medication is not real in one group Placebo effect A 17-year old client has been referred to you for intellectual testing. What test are you likely to perform? WAIS-IV 8 year old son - teachers feel he is impaired WISC-R - tests impairment and gifted students Frequency Distribution Shows the number of times a particular value occurs Score of 100 on the WAIS-IV Average Score of 50 on the WAIS-IV mild to moderate intellectual disabilities Independent Variable The experimental factor and the element that changed or manipulated What does correlation strategy measure? How strong the relation is between things Scatter plot Pairs of scores A correlation coefficient shows how strong the relationship between two variables are, the direction of two variables' relationship, the degree of relationship between two variables Frequency Distribution Shows the number of times a particular value occurs Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-block tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on her own is known as Scaffolding According to Erikson, When an individual fails to develop a strong sense of identity, the individual will have troubles with the development of Intimacy Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of personality development? Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father responds "Because I said So". The father's response is most representative of which parenting style Authoritative Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate mothers" to investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment. According to his findings, baby monkeys: Preferred a soft terrycloth "mother" to a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle The myth about suicide in the U.S. When you ask a person about suicide may push them over the edge Cody does what his parents tells him so he does not lose tv privileges. What level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Preconventional Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds this game fun because he has acquired____________ - which is one of the primary tasks of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development Object Permanence The theorist associated with bonding and attachment Bowlby Henry, a 72-year old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson's: Ego Integrity stage When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in ________ aggression than boys relational Physical characteristics of Down Syndrome Short, stocky build; almond-shaped eyes, and flattened face Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial influences on self-esteem? An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem Research on gay and lesbian parents indicates: they are as dedicated to effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly? The social context In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to disobey under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every sound the victim made In the Stanford prison simulation, ,male college students agreed to participate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that Within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical ailments In what ways do stereotypes distort reality Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening at home with her parents of spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does no like either of those choices. This situation describes a: Avoidance-avoidance conflict Connie tells each of her clients that the best way she can help them is to attempt to look at the world from the client's point of view. This counselor is taking the __________ perspective emic Working with individuals from different cultures requires that the counselor: have knowledge about the different cultures and have sensitivity to the needs of the individuals A high standard of counseling practice when working with diverse populations involves everything EXCEPT treating all clients the same way When working with individuals from different cultures, the effective counselor may not: maintain good eye contact at all times Client is smart, but procrastinates and puts off writing papers which result in Fs. Therapist helps establish small specific goal and has the client keep a diary of how he is spending his time. What is the method that is used to help his problem: Behavioral Therapy The Social-Learning Perspective is to the psychodynamic perspective as __________ are to _____________ ENVIRONMENTAL conditions; unconscious dynamics Process of saying freely whatever comes to mind in connection with dreams; memories, fantasies, or conflicts. in the course of psychodynamic therapy session, is referred to as free association Which of the following is not a behavioral therapy Unconditional Positive Regard The primary goal of __________ therapy is to find meaning in life existential Problem pair and successful therapy Specific phobia - desensitization; depression - rational -emotive therapy The bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client is therapeutic alliance An apparent treatment success that is due to the patient's expectation or hopes rather than the treatment itself placebo effect In ______________ therapy, the therapist uses logical arguments to challenge a client's unrealistic beliefs or expectations rational emotive behavior Systematic desensitization and flooding are behavioral therapies Which of the following types of psychotherapists would be most likely to use free association and transference psychodynamic therapists Existentialism Humanistic approach that emphasizes the tragic aspects of life, the burden of responsibility, and the need to face the inevitability of death. According to Carl Rogers, ___________ is love and support given to another with no strings attached Unconditional positive regard Abraham Maslow existentialist Transactional analysis pairs with Complementary transactions Horney, Adler, and Jung All three theorists have something in common.CONTINUED....