Clinical Chemistry Final- Test bank
Sensitivity equation - ANSTP/(TP+FN)
For a qualitative test, sensitivity is determined by... - ANSThe number of true positives divided
by all results that should have been positive
Predictive value for a negative qualitative test - ANSNPV = TN/(TN+FN)
NPV is best described as... - ANSThe number of true negative values divided by all observed
negative values
Precision is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSStandard deviation
Accuracy is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSMean
Specificity equation - ANSTN/(TN+FP)
For a qualitative test, specificity is determined by... - ANSThe number of true negatives divided
by all results that should have been negative
What are the key parameters for a qualitative test? - ANSSpecificity, sensitivity, predictive value,
and accuracy
What are the key parameters for quantitative test? - ANSAccuracy, precision, reference range,
and critical values
Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can be used to measure analytes including... - ANSpH, Na, Cl,
CO2, K
(T/F) Hospital/clinical laboratories tend to have a higher degree of automation to handle high
volumes of samples, whereas point-of-care labs focus on convenience and immediate results. -
ANSTrue
(T/F) Fluorescence emission light wavelength is longer than excitation light wavelengths. -
ANSTrue
Which type of patient information do clinical laboratory tests typically provide to the physician? -
ANSObjective and personalized patient information
What is a homogenous immunoassay that does not require separation of bound antigen from
unbound antigen during the assay? - ANSEMIT
,What is an amount of enzyme that catalyze the conversation of one micromole of substrate in 1
minute? - ANSInternational unit
Enzyme-based clinical assays can measure what two things? - ANSEndogenous enzymes and
endogenous substrates
UV/Visible absorbance assays rely on what to determine the concentration of an analyte in
solution or samples? - ANSThe Beer-Lambert Law
What does nephelometry measure? - ANSIt measures the scatter of light by particles (light
scattering of the sample/the stability of the sample)
What does refractometry measure? - ANSLight bending as it passes through different media
Why is LC/MS more selective than LC/UV? - ANSMS can determine molecular weight, detect
novel substances, and has high mass accuracy.
What type of test is most often available over the counter for home pregnancy test? -
ANSImmunochromatographic assay
What hormone is most likely to interfere with a home pregnancy test? - ANSFollicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Waiver of a test by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) indicates that the test
is... - ANSSo simple and accurate to render the likely of error negligible and can be cleared by
the FDA for home use
What is typically the soonest pregnancy can be detected using the human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG) test? - ANS7 to 10 days after conception
Which hormone stimulates/promotes fertility in both men and women? - ANSFollicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Which sample (specimen) has the longest window for being able to detect drug use? - ANSHair
Fractional excretion of sodium uses a measure of sodium present in urine and it is calculated
based on the relative levels of what else in urine? - ANSCreatinine
Calcium levels must be corrected in blood samples because of what feature? - ANSBinding by
serum albumin
Hyponatremia is... - ANSDecreased blood sodium levels
, What is the normal value for fractional excretion of sodium? - ANS1-2%
What is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluids? - ANSChloride
Which of the following is not used to measure electrolytes in a clinical laboratory: ion selective
electrodes, flame photometry, or immunochromatographic method? -
ANSImmunochromatographic method
An increase in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift
of potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia). - ANSAlkalosis & hypokalemia
What could lead to depletional hyponatremia? - ANSVomiting, excessive sweating, and diarrhea
Hypernatremia is... - ANSElevated blood sodium levels
The major extracellular fluid electrolyte - ANSSodium
Which of the following is not one of the homeostatic (normal) mechanisms involved in
establishing the Na+/water balance: ADH, aldosterone, SIADH, renin/angiotensin? - ANSSIADH
A decrease in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of
potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia) - ANSAcidosis & hyperkalemia
Major extracellular electrolyte - ANSSodium
Major intracellular electrolyte - ANSPotassium
Most abundant anion found in the intracellular environment? - ANSPhosphate
The buffy coat includes... - ANSWBCs and platelets
Normocytic anemia is caused by - ANSAcute blood loss
What is the role of platelets? - ANSThey are involved in control of clotting
What coagulation pathways does aPTT assay monitor? - ANSThe intrinsic pathway and is
important to heparin therapy
(T/F) MCV, Hct, Hgh are the same in all people. - ANSFalse, unique to men, women, children,
and infants.
RBCs - ANSCarry oxygen bound to hemoglobin to the tissues
MCV (mean cell/corpuscle volume) formula - ANSHct (hematocrit)/RBC count
Sensitivity equation - ANSTP/(TP+FN)
For a qualitative test, sensitivity is determined by... - ANSThe number of true positives divided
by all results that should have been positive
Predictive value for a negative qualitative test - ANSNPV = TN/(TN+FN)
NPV is best described as... - ANSThe number of true negative values divided by all observed
negative values
Precision is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSStandard deviation
Accuracy is viewed as what statistic in clinical chemistry? - ANSMean
Specificity equation - ANSTN/(TN+FP)
For a qualitative test, specificity is determined by... - ANSThe number of true negatives divided
by all results that should have been negative
What are the key parameters for a qualitative test? - ANSSpecificity, sensitivity, predictive value,
and accuracy
What are the key parameters for quantitative test? - ANSAccuracy, precision, reference range,
and critical values
Ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can be used to measure analytes including... - ANSpH, Na, Cl,
CO2, K
(T/F) Hospital/clinical laboratories tend to have a higher degree of automation to handle high
volumes of samples, whereas point-of-care labs focus on convenience and immediate results. -
ANSTrue
(T/F) Fluorescence emission light wavelength is longer than excitation light wavelengths. -
ANSTrue
Which type of patient information do clinical laboratory tests typically provide to the physician? -
ANSObjective and personalized patient information
What is a homogenous immunoassay that does not require separation of bound antigen from
unbound antigen during the assay? - ANSEMIT
,What is an amount of enzyme that catalyze the conversation of one micromole of substrate in 1
minute? - ANSInternational unit
Enzyme-based clinical assays can measure what two things? - ANSEndogenous enzymes and
endogenous substrates
UV/Visible absorbance assays rely on what to determine the concentration of an analyte in
solution or samples? - ANSThe Beer-Lambert Law
What does nephelometry measure? - ANSIt measures the scatter of light by particles (light
scattering of the sample/the stability of the sample)
What does refractometry measure? - ANSLight bending as it passes through different media
Why is LC/MS more selective than LC/UV? - ANSMS can determine molecular weight, detect
novel substances, and has high mass accuracy.
What type of test is most often available over the counter for home pregnancy test? -
ANSImmunochromatographic assay
What hormone is most likely to interfere with a home pregnancy test? - ANSFollicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Waiver of a test by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) indicates that the test
is... - ANSSo simple and accurate to render the likely of error negligible and can be cleared by
the FDA for home use
What is typically the soonest pregnancy can be detected using the human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG) test? - ANS7 to 10 days after conception
Which hormone stimulates/promotes fertility in both men and women? - ANSFollicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Which sample (specimen) has the longest window for being able to detect drug use? - ANSHair
Fractional excretion of sodium uses a measure of sodium present in urine and it is calculated
based on the relative levels of what else in urine? - ANSCreatinine
Calcium levels must be corrected in blood samples because of what feature? - ANSBinding by
serum albumin
Hyponatremia is... - ANSDecreased blood sodium levels
, What is the normal value for fractional excretion of sodium? - ANS1-2%
What is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluids? - ANSChloride
Which of the following is not used to measure electrolytes in a clinical laboratory: ion selective
electrodes, flame photometry, or immunochromatographic method? -
ANSImmunochromatographic method
An increase in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift
of potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia). - ANSAlkalosis & hypokalemia
What could lead to depletional hyponatremia? - ANSVomiting, excessive sweating, and diarrhea
Hypernatremia is... - ANSElevated blood sodium levels
The major extracellular fluid electrolyte - ANSSodium
Which of the following is not one of the homeostatic (normal) mechanisms involved in
establishing the Na+/water balance: ADH, aldosterone, SIADH, renin/angiotensin? - ANSSIADH
A decrease in blood pH is called (alkalosis/acidosis) and this can result in an intracellular shift of
potassium to cause (hypokalemia/hyperkalemia) - ANSAcidosis & hyperkalemia
Major extracellular electrolyte - ANSSodium
Major intracellular electrolyte - ANSPotassium
Most abundant anion found in the intracellular environment? - ANSPhosphate
The buffy coat includes... - ANSWBCs and platelets
Normocytic anemia is caused by - ANSAcute blood loss
What is the role of platelets? - ANSThey are involved in control of clotting
What coagulation pathways does aPTT assay monitor? - ANSThe intrinsic pathway and is
important to heparin therapy
(T/F) MCV, Hct, Hgh are the same in all people. - ANSFalse, unique to men, women, children,
and infants.
RBCs - ANSCarry oxygen bound to hemoglobin to the tissues
MCV (mean cell/corpuscle volume) formula - ANSHct (hematocrit)/RBC count
