Pathogenic Organisms - University of Nebraska-Lincoln | with complete solution

Pathogenic Organisms - University of Nebraska-Lincoln | with complete solution What is Aeromonas hydrophilia? - Opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. Can cause foodbourne illness in healthy individuals (more recently) What is the source of Aeromonas hydrophilia? - Normal microflora of water What foods is Areomonas hydrophilia associated with? - Seafood including oysters Water What are the characteristics of Aeromonas hydrophilia? - Gram negative facultative anaerobic rod that can be psychrophilic. Can produce enterotoxins. What is a gram negative micro-organism? - Micro-organisms that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. What is a psychrophilic micro-organism? - A micro-organism which can grow at low temperatures. (-20°C - 20°C. Optimal growth at 15°C) What are enterotoxins? - a toxin produced in or affecting the intestines, such as those causing food poisoning or cholera. What is the growth temperatures for aeromonas hydrophilia? - Temperature range: -5.3 - 43°C What is the optimum growth temperature for aeromonas hydrophilia? - 28°C What is the pH range for Aeromonas hydrophilia? - 4-10 What is the lowest report of water activity for the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila? - 0.94 What is the salt tolerance of Aeromonas hydrophilia? - 4% Is Aeromonas hydrophilia resistant to chlorine? - Aeromonas hydrophilia shows some chlorine resistance In what country is Aeromonas hydrophilia considered an emerging pathogen? - United States What are the symptoms of foodbourne illness caused by Aeromonas hydrophilia? - Diarrhoea Vomiting What is the onset time go Aeromonas hydrophilia? - 6-48 hours What is the infective dose of Aeromonas hydrophilia? - >100 cells per 100ml of water can cause illness What is the duration of Aeromonas hydrophilia symptoms? - not reported How can Aeromonas hydrophilic be controlled? - - Use properly treated water - Thoroughly cooking foods - Handle and store extended shelf life refrigerated foods properly due to the psychrophilic nature of Aeromonas hydrophilia Is Aeromonas hydrophilia a bacteria, a virus or a parasite? - A bacteria Is Bacillus cereus a bacteria, virus or parasite? - A bacteria. What is Bacillus cereus? - A facultative anaerobic spore forming bacteria. Widespread in nature and foods, especially in its spore state. What are the sources of Bacillus cereus? - Soil Unpasteurised milk Cereals and starch Herbs and Spices What foods are associated with Bacillus cereus? - Meat pies Cooked and fired rice Starchy foods (potatoes and pasta) Food mixtures (soups, casseroles and sauces) Puddings What are the characteristics of Bacillus cereus? - Gram positive facultative anaerobic spore forming rod. What is the temperature range for growth of Bacillus cereus? - 10-49°C What is the optimum temperature for growth of Bacillus cereus? - 30°C What is the pH range for growth of Bacillus cereus? - 4.9-9.3 What is the lowest reported water activity for Bacillus cereus? - 0.93 What are the 2 types of illness caused from Bacillus cereus? - Diarrheal illness Emetic (vomiting) illness What are the symptoms of Bacillus cereus? - Abdominal cramps Watery diarrhoea nausea Vomiting What is the onset time for Bacillus cereus? - Diarrhoeal: 10-16 hours Emetic.: 1-6 hours What is the infective dose for Bacillus cereus? - Large numbers (more than 10 to the 5 CFU/gm) How long to bacillus cereus symptoms usually last? - 1 day How can Bacillus cereus be controlled? - - thoroughly cooked ground meat products - cool cooked products to 5°C within 4 hours - Hold hot food at or above 60°C Is Hepatits A a bacteria, virus or parasite? - Virus What is Hepatitis A? - An ultramicroscopic organism that must have a living host to multiply. Food can transmit the virus between people. The virus, when transferred to food, can survive for several days, even whilst refrigerated.