EXSS 181- Exam 1 | 100 Questions And Answers Already Graded A+

sport & exercise psychology defintion - The scientific study of human behaviour in sport and exercise, and the practical application of that knowledge 3 roles of sport psychologists - -research -teaching -consulting What are the two major types of questions in the field? - Understand the effects of: 1. Psychological factors on sport/physical activity behavior and performance 2. Participating in sport/physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being What does B=f(P,E) mean? - Behavior is a function of both the Person and his/her Environment -Dynamic ->Precise prediction difficult -Need to understand BOTH person and context Norman Triplett - -"Father of social psych" -Studied social facilitation of bikers Coleman Griffith - -"Father of Modern Sport Psychology" -1st research lab -25 research articles -Studied Red Grange at Illinois; Worked w/ Notre Dame and Chicago Cubs Describe and explain the 6 periods of sport psychology - 1. Early Years () -early studies (ex. Norman Triplett)2. Griffith Era () -development of labs and psychological testing 3. Preparation for the Future () -Franklin Henry establishes grad program 4. Establishment of Academic Branch () -1st NASPSPA conference 5. Multidisciplinary Research () -New research and establishment of specialty journals and conferences 6. Contemporary (2000-Present) Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. (advantages & disadvantages) - 1. Common sense (Intuition, speculation) (+) easy, quick (-) not based on experience/data so greatest chance of being wrong 2. Practical Experience (Observations, case studies) (+) holistic, immediate, innovative (-) fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias 3. Science (Systematic, controlled, empirical investigations of relationships among phenomena) (+) Reliable, "objective and unbiased" (-) reductionistic, slow to evolve, sometimes not practical What are the 4 steps involved in the scientific method? - 1.Develop the problem 2.Formulate hypotheses 3.Gather Data 4.Analyze and interpret results What is a theory? - set of interrelated facts that present a systematic view of a phenomenon in order to describe, explain, and predict its future occurrencesWhat are the individual ABCs of sport & exercise psychology? - A = affect (feeling states) B = behavior (actions) C = cognition (thoughts) A - defintion -research question ex. - Affect: (state specific) -Positive affect - optimal states of energy, concentration & pleasurable engagement -Negative affect - sense of distress or unpleasant engagement Emotion - affect & behavior congruent with, directed at particular stimulus Mood - diffuse and global expressions of emotion/affect How do anxiety or anger influence performance? B - defintion -research question ex. - Behavior: Things athlete or exercisers do: Effort/motivation Skill/performance Aggression Sportsmanship Communication Why are some people so committed to a PA/training routine and others not? C - defintion-research question ex. - Cognition: Self or other-referenced thoughts: Informational Motivational Concentration/focus Affect-related Other-related Why do some athletes choke under pressure? Why do some athletes have negative thoughts during performance? What were the primary take-home points from the Martinent et al. (2013 study)? - Purpose: Identify affective profiles of athletes both before and during competition - examine differences between these profiles on coping and goal attainment. Participants: 306 French athletes, multiple sports, Ages 15-39 (average age = 22) Measures: (self-report 2 hrs. before & after) -Affective states (intensity & directionality) -Coping strategies (task, distraction, disengagement) -Sport goal attainment Results: 1. High positive affect facilitators (n = 88, 81) 2. Facilitators (n = 75, 25) 3. Low affect debilitators (n = 83, 127) 4. High negative affect debilitators (n = 60, 73) -Some consistency in profiles across time points. What is personality? - that pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time and situations