EXSS 181 Exam 1 Questions With Correct Answers!!

Sport and Exercise Psychology - The scientific study of human behavior in sport and exercise, and practical application of that knowledge. 3 Roles of Exercise Psychology - 1. Research 2. Teaching 3. Consulting What are the two major questions associated with sport psychology? - 1. What are the psychological factors on sports/physical activity in behavior and performances? 2. What is the effect of participation on psychological development, health and wellbeing? B=f(P,E) - Behavior is a function of a person and their environment. -This formula is dynamic because of the many factors. -Must understand the person and the context. -Precise predictions are difficult. Coleman Griffith - -Father of American Sport Psychology -Hired by the Chicago Cubs for "psychological advantages"; Notre Dame -"Will to win" -First research lab Norman Triplett - -Social Facilitation -First study in the field of sport psychology (bikers; is performance better in solo or group competitions) What are the six periods of sport psychology? - Period 1: Early Years Period 2: Development of Labs and Psych Testing (Coleman Griffith Era)Period 3: Preparation for the Future (Franklin Henry establishes graduate program) Period 4: Establishment of Academic Sport Psychology (1st NASPSPA conference) Period 5: Multidisciplinary Study; Practice in Sport Exercise Psychology (Establishment of journals) Period 6: Contemporary Sport and Exercise Psychology What are the three ways of knowing? - 1. Common sense (Intuition/Speculation) -Strengths: Easy, quick -Limitations: Greatest chance of being incorrect 2. Practical Experience (Observations, Case Studies) -Strengths: Holistic, Immediate -Limitations: Susceptible to bias, does not explain mechanisms 3. Science (Empirical) -Strengths: Reliable, Objective -Limitations: Slow to evolve, not always practical Scientific Method - 1. Development of a Problem (purpose; IV and DV) 2. Form a Hypothesis (must be testable) 3. Gather Data (methods, participants) 4. Analyze and Interpret (support or refute hypothesis, comparisons to other research findings) Theory - Set of interrelated facts that present a systematic view of some phenomenon to describe, explain or predict future occurrences; patterns. Personality - Pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguishes one individual from another and that persists over time and situations. ABC's of Psychology - 1. Affect (emotions) 2. Behavior (actions) 3. Cognition (thoughts)Hollander's Model of Personality (Pyramid model) -Role Related Behaviors: The most external and dynamic characteristics of an individual's personality; most likely to change. Typical Responses: Mid-level, dependent on the social environment; can be adjusted to fit the environment; a good indicator of one's core. Internal Psychological Core: The most internal and stable component of an individual's personality; the most basic level, attitudes, values, interests, motives, self and self-worth; the real "you". Big Five Traits (Personality) - 1. Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability 2. Extroversion vs. Introversion 3. Openness to Experience 4. Agreeableness 5. Conscientiousness