ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate with complete solution()

3 major phases of cell division:answer- Interphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesis 3 steps of interphase:answer- First growth phase (G1) Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2) 4 phases of mitosis:answer- Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Innate immunity:answer- Non-specific response, either: 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages) Adaptive immunity:answer- Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including: 1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins) 2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells) 3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses) Define mutationsanswer- Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene 3 main goals of treatment:answer- Cure Control Palliation ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate with complete solution(2023- 2024) Define neoadjuvant therapyanswer- Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapyanswer- Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur Define conditioning/preparative therapyanswer- Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation 2 types of conditioning therapies:answer- Myeloablative Nonmyeloablative Define dose densityanswer- Drug dose per unit of time Define dose intensityanswer- Amount of drug delivered over time How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?answer- By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen How do alkylating agents work?answer- By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death 3 subcategories of alkylating agents:answer- 1. Nitrogen mustards 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly) 3. Nitrosoureas Most common subcategory of alkylating agents:answer- Nitrogen mustards Common alkylating agents:answer- Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Ifosfamide (Ifex) ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate with complete solution(2023- 2024) Bendamustine