Intro to psychology CLEP test

The behavioral research perspective is similar to the sociocultural research perspective because both focus on how behavior and mental processes are explained by - Answer-the external environment Which of the following cortical areas is most closely associated with vision? - Answer-Occipital Frequency theory and place theory attempt to explain how the inner ear registers the pitch of sound. Which statement best reflects current opinion about frequency theory and place theory? - Answer-Place theory explains the perception of high￾frequency sounds well, and frequency theory explains the perception of low￾frequency sounds well. After initial conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned response gradually stops occurring. This change in behavior is called - Answer-extinction Priming is considered part of implicit memory because it - Answer-occurs without conscious awareness Which of the following is a disadvantage of relying on external rewards to motivate behavior? - Answer-There is potential to reduce intrinsic motivation. Researchers know that infants' sense of smell is fairly well developed at birth because newborns prefer the smell of - Answer-a nursing pad from their mother to the smell of a pad from another mother Amy appears to have an irrational and maladaptive fear of flying. She will not fly to visit her children and grandchildren, and she has even lost a job because she refused to fly to meet clients. Amy would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following anxiety disorders? - Answer-Specific phobia . Tom fails his math exam. If he explains his failure by using an internal attribution, his reason for failing might be which of the following? - Answer-Tom is not smart or not good at math. Schizophrenia is similar to Parkinson's disease because both disorders - Answer￾involve an imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine psychologist using Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy strives to ensure that clients - Answer-receive unconditional positive regard Toddlers experience a growth spurt in vocabulary because of a process called - Answer-fast mapping To help Lauren learn to play the violin, her string teacher first provides praise when Lauren plays the correct notes. Then the teacher only provides praise when Lauren plays the correct notes and the correct rhythm. Finally, the teacher only praises Lauren when she plays the correct notes, the correct rhythm, and the correct tempo. Which of the following learning techniques is Lauren's teacher using? - Answer- Shaping Pedro just returned home from seeing a horror film at a movie theater. As he settles into bed, he hears a noise downstairs and perceives it to be an intruder. This interpretation of the sensory input is best explained by which of the following? - Answer-Top-down processing Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the facial feedback hypothesis of emotion? - Answer-Ellen says that hanging up the laundry on a clothesline makes her feel happy; she holds the clothespins in her teeth as she hangs each piece of clothing. Lila thinks the new student in her study group is in a fraternity because, to her, he looks like other students who are in fraternities. Lila's decision about the new student is most likely the result of the - Answer-representativeness heuristic Albert Bandura conducted a study in which a child viewed an adult playing with toys. The adult stood up and kicked and yelled at an inflated doll. The child was then taken to another room containing toys. When left alone, the child lashed out at a similar doll in the room. The child's behavior toward the doll is most likely a result of - Answer-observational learning Which of the following is a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks at inappropriate times? - Answer-Narcolepsy Which of the following theories best supports the idea that people are genetically predisposed to live in groups because it contributes to the survival of the species? - Answer-Evolutionary In which of the following situations is a student using echoic memory? - Answer- Trying to replay the last few notes his piano teacher just played When a nurse touches the cheek of an infant and the infant turns her head toward the touch and opens her mouth, the nurse has elicited the - Answer-rooting reflex With regard to understanding human behavior, the humanistic approaches emphasize - Answer-free will