Chapter 5 (Introductory Psychology CLEP) Study Guide 2023/2024

alpha waves --the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state Stage 1 sleep --theta waves, light sleep stage 2 sleep --A sleep deeper than that of stage 1, characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern, along with momentary interruptions of "sleep spindles." stage 3 sleep --large, slow delta waves stage 4 sleep --the deepest stage of sleep (slow-wave sleep), during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation REM --describes sleep in which vivid dreams typically occur; this type of sleep increases as the night progresses while stage 4 sleep decreases manifest content --according to Freud, it is the images that actually appear to a dreamer) latent content --According to Freud, a dream's hidden content; its unconscious and true meaning. activation-synthesis theory --a theory of dreaming; this theory proposes that the brain tries to make sense of random brain activity that occurs during sleep by synthesizing the activity with stored memories information processing theory --dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories dissociation --a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others depressants --slow down body functions and neurological activity (alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) stimulants --which increase neural activity and body functions Hallucinogens --distort perceptions and produce sensations that have no physical basis.