Exam 1 (Chapters 1, 2, & 3) CTIP with verified solutions 2023/2024

Exam 1 (Chapters 1, 2, & 3) CTIPMethods of Acquiring Knowledge - correct answer Ways in which a person can know things or discover answers to questions Method of Tenacity - correct answer Information is accepted as true because it has always been believed or because superstition supports it Method of Intuition - correct answer Information is accepted on the basis of a hunch or a "gut feeling" Method of Authority - correct answer A person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject area Method of Faith - correct answer A variant of the method of authority in which people have unquestioning trust in the authority figure and, therefore, accept information from the authority without a doubt or challenge Rational Method (Rationalism) - correct answer Seeks answers by the use of logical reasoning Premise Statement - correct answer In logical reasoning, they describe facts or assumptions that are assumed to be true Argument - correct answer A set of premise statements that are logically combined to yield a conclusion Empirical Method (Empiricism) - correct answer Uses observation or direct sensory experience to obtain knowledge Induction (Inductive Reasoning) - correct answer Involved using a relatively small set of specific observations as the basis for forming a general statement about a larger set of possible observations Variables - correct answer Characteristics or conditions that change or have different values for different individuals Hypothesis - correct answer A statement that describes or explains a relationship between or among variables. It is not a final answer but rather a proposal to be tested and evaluated. Deduction (Deductive Reasoning) - correct answer Uses a general statement as the basis for reaching a conclusion about specific examples Scientific Method - correct answer A way of acquiring knowledge that uses obersvations to develop a hypothesis, and then uses the hupothesis to make logical predictions that can be empirically tsted by making additional, systematic observations. Typically, the new obersvations lead to a new hypothesis and the cycle continues. Quantitative Research - correct answer Based on measuring variables for individual participants to obtain scores, usually numerical values, that are submitted to statistical analysis for summary and interpretation. Qualitative Research - correct answer Based on making observations that are summarized and interpreted in a narrative report.. Participants - correct answer The individuals who take part in a research study (human) Subjects - correct answer The individuals who take part in a research study (nonhuman). Applied Research - correct answer Intended to answer practical questions or solve practical problems. Basic Research - correct answer Intended to answer theoretical questions of gather knowledge simply for the sake of new knowledge. Primary Source - correct answer A firsthand report of observations or research results written by the individual(s) who actually conducted the research and made the observations. Secondary Source - correct answer A description or summary of another person's work; written