Misy 225 Chapter 1 questions & answers graded A+

Misy 225 Chapter 1 Central Processing Unit (CPU) - correct answer the "brain" of the computer and the single most expensive piece of hardware in a computer. Arithmetic and logical operations are carried out inside the CPU Main memory (Random access memory) - correct answer This is connected directly to the CPU. All programs must be loaded into main memory before they can be executed. Memory cells/Address - correct answer RAM is an ordered sequence of cells. Each cell has a unique location in RAM, called the address of the cell. Secondary storage - correct answer A device that stores longer-term information. Examples are hard disks, floppy disks, flash memory, ZIP disks, CD-ROMS, and tapes Input devices - correct answer The devices that feed data and programs into computers. Examples are keyboards, mouses, secondary storage Output devices - correct answer The devices that the computer uses to display and store results. Examples are monitors, printers, and secondary storage Operating system - correct answer The system program that loads first when you turn on your PC. The operating system monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services, such as memory management, input/output activities, and storage management. Also runs application programs. Application programs - correct answer Perform specific tasks. Examples are word processors, spreadsheets, and games. Analog signals - correct answer Continuous waveforms used to represent things, such as sound. Audio tapes store data in analog signals. Digital signals - correct answer Represent information with a sequence of 0s and 1s. A 0 represents a low voltage, and a 1 represents a high voltage. Digital signals are more reliable and can be copied from one device to another with no data distortion Machine language - correct answer The language of a computer, sequences of 0s and 1s Binary digit (bit) - correct answer 0 and 1 are both binary digits Byte - correct answer 8 bits Kilobyte - correct answer 1 thousand bytes (1024) American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - correct answer This data set consists of 128 characters, numbered 0 through 127. Because ASCII is a seven-bit code, you must add a 0 to the left of the code, to create a byte (now a computer can understand it). If your code consists of only the English language you dont need unicode. Unicode - correct answer An encoding scheme consisting of 65,536. To store a Unicode character, you need two bytes. Java uses Unicode, so each character is represented with a set of 16 bits. Assembly language - correct answer An instruction is an easy-to-remember form called a mnemonic. For example, you can write "LOAD" (assembly language), to signify 100100 (the machine language for LOAD) Assembler - correct answer A program that translates a program written in assembly language into an equivalent program in machine language High-level languages - correct answer Closer to spoken languages to make coding easier. Examples are Basic, FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal, C, C++, and Java. In Java you can write wages = rate * hours ; instead of having to write out MULT, etc. Bytecode - correct answer Intermediate language that translates high-level languages into machine language