4th Edition BCNS Exam Practice Questions With 100%
Complete Answers.
d. long-chain fatty acids They are still too big to be absorbed directly
Examples of dietary nutrients that are not absorbed directly into the enterohepatic portal
blood system include:
a. amino acids.
b. medium-chain fatty acids.
c. monosaccharides.
d. long-chain fatty acids.
b. progesterone. "gest"=gestation. Progesterone, NOT estrogen, has been
associated with decreased contraction frequency and slow gastric emptying
The hormone responsible for the decrease in gastrointestinal smooth muscle tone and
motility during pregnancy is:
a. estrogen.
b. progesterone.
c. placental lactogen.
d. human chorionic ghonadotropin.
a. chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are what lipids are repackaged
into so they can be transported.
The ingestion of a meal containing large amounts of saturated fat will result in a
transient increase in the serum concentration of:
a. chylomicrons.
b. low-density lipoproteins.
c. high-density lipoproteins.
d. micelles.
a. trypsin. enterokinase secreted by duodenal enterocytes
converts trypsinogen to trypsin. Enter=Trip
The product of enterokinase reactions is:
a. trypsin.
b. chymotrypsin.
c. pepsin.
d. carboxypeptidase.
c. transferrin. TRANS= transport Ferrin= Iron
Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier:
a. heme.
b. ferritin.
c. transferrin.
d. albumin.
d. intestinal mucosa. The small intestine is where ingested fats are broken down
into smaller components, like cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol is transported from
the small intestine to the liver within chylomicrons.
The organs most active in the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol are the liver
and the:
a. gallbladder.
,b. pancreas.
c. adrenal glands.
d. intestinal mucosa.
c. a nonabsorbable laxative. It is not absorbed nor broken down by human
enzymes, it stays in the digestive bolus, causing retention of water leading to
softer, easier to pass stool
Lactulose is a carbohydrate that is:
a. absorbed in the small intestine.
b. absorbed in the large intestine.
c. a nonabsorbable laxative.
d. not found in the human diet.
c. jejunum. Protein is absorbed in the middle of the small intestine. DJ-Ill
Digested dietary protein is absorbed primarily in the:
a. stomach.
b. duodenum.
c. jejunum.
d. ileum.
b. facilitated diffusion. Most carbohydrates are transported
across biological membranes via facilitated diffusion.
Monosaccharides are transported across the placenta from the maternal circulation to
the fetal circulation by the process of:
a. simple diffusion.
b. facilitated diffusion.
c. active transport.
d. pinocytosis.
b. from the circulation to the intestinal lumen. When the osmotic pressure of the
two fluid compartments are equal, all body fluids have an osmolarity near 300
mOsm/L. Otherwise, they go from high to low. Circulation is the bolus, the
intestinal lumen is the surrounding layer trying to reabsorb the water
If a bolus containing 600 mOsm/L enters the jejunum, the net direction of fluid
movement in the intestinal tract will be:
a. from the intestinal lumen to the circulation.
b. from the circulation to the intestinal lumen.
c. longitudinally along the mucosal basement membrane.
d. from the circulation to the lymphoid system.
d. carbohydrates. Resistant Starches/Carbohydrates are fermented in the large
intestine, the byproducts are short chain fatty acids along with GASES are.
SCFAs can be absorbed into the body and can be used by colonic bacteria for
energy.
Excessive production of gas within the intestines may be caused by excessive colonic
bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed:
a. gluten.
b. small peptides.
c. lignin.
d. carbohydrates.
c. glutathione.
, A major intracellular antioxidant is the nutrient:
a. vitamin A.
b. thiamin.
c. glutathione.
d. ascorbic acid.
c. denaturation. The large polypeptide amino acids that make proteins must be
denatured to become smaller units prior to digestion, HCl makes this possible
A required prerequisite to the digestion of proteins is the HCl-dependent process called:
a. hydrolysis.
b. evaporation.
c. denaturation.
d. distillation.
d. > 95%. Dietary fatty-acids and lipid-soluble compounds enter intestinal cells by
passive/simple diffusion, so most is easily absorbed.
The true digestibility of dietary fatty acids is:
a. 65% to 75%.
b. 75% to 85%.
c. 85% to 95%.
d. > 95%.
c. numbers of double bonds. Gamma in Greek is 3, linoleic acid has 2 double
bonds, gamma has 3, or, one MORE double bond.
The structures of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid differ in their:
a. chain lengths.
b. double bond positions.
c. numbers of double bonds.
d. side chain moieties.
c. amylose. It is a plant polysaccharide similar to glucose
An example of a compound that is not considered to be a component of dietary fiber is:
a. pectin.
b. hemicellulose.
c. amylose.
d. cellulose.
a. triglycerides. The other options are too specific to be considered primary
choices
Dietary fats and oils primarily are composed of:
a. triglycerides.
b. polyunsaturated fatty acids.
c. saturated fatty acids.
d. monounsaturated fatty acids.
c. its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs. Conditionally
when needs change
A nutrient is considered to be conditionally essential when:
a. it cannot be replaced by a metabolic precursor.
b. it is malabsorbed.
c. its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs.
d. it requires a second essential nutrient to be effective.
Complete Answers.
d. long-chain fatty acids They are still too big to be absorbed directly
Examples of dietary nutrients that are not absorbed directly into the enterohepatic portal
blood system include:
a. amino acids.
b. medium-chain fatty acids.
c. monosaccharides.
d. long-chain fatty acids.
b. progesterone. "gest"=gestation. Progesterone, NOT estrogen, has been
associated with decreased contraction frequency and slow gastric emptying
The hormone responsible for the decrease in gastrointestinal smooth muscle tone and
motility during pregnancy is:
a. estrogen.
b. progesterone.
c. placental lactogen.
d. human chorionic ghonadotropin.
a. chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are what lipids are repackaged
into so they can be transported.
The ingestion of a meal containing large amounts of saturated fat will result in a
transient increase in the serum concentration of:
a. chylomicrons.
b. low-density lipoproteins.
c. high-density lipoproteins.
d. micelles.
a. trypsin. enterokinase secreted by duodenal enterocytes
converts trypsinogen to trypsin. Enter=Trip
The product of enterokinase reactions is:
a. trypsin.
b. chymotrypsin.
c. pepsin.
d. carboxypeptidase.
c. transferrin. TRANS= transport Ferrin= Iron
Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier:
a. heme.
b. ferritin.
c. transferrin.
d. albumin.
d. intestinal mucosa. The small intestine is where ingested fats are broken down
into smaller components, like cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol is transported from
the small intestine to the liver within chylomicrons.
The organs most active in the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol are the liver
and the:
a. gallbladder.
,b. pancreas.
c. adrenal glands.
d. intestinal mucosa.
c. a nonabsorbable laxative. It is not absorbed nor broken down by human
enzymes, it stays in the digestive bolus, causing retention of water leading to
softer, easier to pass stool
Lactulose is a carbohydrate that is:
a. absorbed in the small intestine.
b. absorbed in the large intestine.
c. a nonabsorbable laxative.
d. not found in the human diet.
c. jejunum. Protein is absorbed in the middle of the small intestine. DJ-Ill
Digested dietary protein is absorbed primarily in the:
a. stomach.
b. duodenum.
c. jejunum.
d. ileum.
b. facilitated diffusion. Most carbohydrates are transported
across biological membranes via facilitated diffusion.
Monosaccharides are transported across the placenta from the maternal circulation to
the fetal circulation by the process of:
a. simple diffusion.
b. facilitated diffusion.
c. active transport.
d. pinocytosis.
b. from the circulation to the intestinal lumen. When the osmotic pressure of the
two fluid compartments are equal, all body fluids have an osmolarity near 300
mOsm/L. Otherwise, they go from high to low. Circulation is the bolus, the
intestinal lumen is the surrounding layer trying to reabsorb the water
If a bolus containing 600 mOsm/L enters the jejunum, the net direction of fluid
movement in the intestinal tract will be:
a. from the intestinal lumen to the circulation.
b. from the circulation to the intestinal lumen.
c. longitudinally along the mucosal basement membrane.
d. from the circulation to the lymphoid system.
d. carbohydrates. Resistant Starches/Carbohydrates are fermented in the large
intestine, the byproducts are short chain fatty acids along with GASES are.
SCFAs can be absorbed into the body and can be used by colonic bacteria for
energy.
Excessive production of gas within the intestines may be caused by excessive colonic
bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed:
a. gluten.
b. small peptides.
c. lignin.
d. carbohydrates.
c. glutathione.
, A major intracellular antioxidant is the nutrient:
a. vitamin A.
b. thiamin.
c. glutathione.
d. ascorbic acid.
c. denaturation. The large polypeptide amino acids that make proteins must be
denatured to become smaller units prior to digestion, HCl makes this possible
A required prerequisite to the digestion of proteins is the HCl-dependent process called:
a. hydrolysis.
b. evaporation.
c. denaturation.
d. distillation.
d. > 95%. Dietary fatty-acids and lipid-soluble compounds enter intestinal cells by
passive/simple diffusion, so most is easily absorbed.
The true digestibility of dietary fatty acids is:
a. 65% to 75%.
b. 75% to 85%.
c. 85% to 95%.
d. > 95%.
c. numbers of double bonds. Gamma in Greek is 3, linoleic acid has 2 double
bonds, gamma has 3, or, one MORE double bond.
The structures of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid differ in their:
a. chain lengths.
b. double bond positions.
c. numbers of double bonds.
d. side chain moieties.
c. amylose. It is a plant polysaccharide similar to glucose
An example of a compound that is not considered to be a component of dietary fiber is:
a. pectin.
b. hemicellulose.
c. amylose.
d. cellulose.
a. triglycerides. The other options are too specific to be considered primary
choices
Dietary fats and oils primarily are composed of:
a. triglycerides.
b. polyunsaturated fatty acids.
c. saturated fatty acids.
d. monounsaturated fatty acids.
c. its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs. Conditionally
when needs change
A nutrient is considered to be conditionally essential when:
a. it cannot be replaced by a metabolic precursor.
b. it is malabsorbed.
c. its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs.
d. it requires a second essential nutrient to be effective.
