Physical Education EC-12 PACT questions & answers 2023/2024

Physical Education EC-12 PACTAnn Gentile's Motor Learning Stages - correct answer In stage 1, the learner is getting the idea of the movement. In stage 2, the learner focuses on fixation, or working on consistency and closed skills (e.g., executing the skill in isolation) and diversification, or working on open skill in changing environments. Ann Gentile's Motor Learning Stage 1 - correct answer the learner is getting a grasp on the movements that are required for the skill. The learner decides on the regulatory and nonregulatory conditions needed to perform the movement. Regulatory Conditions - correct answer include things like equipment type, positions of players, and the proximity to the goal. These aspects must be considered before a learner can be proficient. Nonregulatory Conditions - correct answer conditions are those characteristics of the environment that have no influence or remain as indirect influences on the movement characteristics required to achieve an action goal Ann Gentile's Motor Learning Stage 2 - correct answer the learner focuses on fixation, or working on consistency and closed skills (e.g., executing the skill in isolation) and diversification, or working on open skill in changing environments. Fitts and Posner's Motor Learning Stages - correct answer stages of learning are the cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the autonomous stage. Cognitive Stage - correct answer the learner makes lots of errors, is inconsistent, and focuses heavily on the skill cues. During this stage, the teacher is more direct with instructions, which include both verbal instructions and demonstrations, to help the learner understand the movements. This first stage is similar to Gentile's stage 1 (getting the idea of the movement). (Fitts and Posner's Motor Learning Stages) Associative Stage - correct answer the learner has grasp on the skill and understands the skill movement patterns. This learner will start to become more consistent in movement patterns. As such, they will rely less on skill cues and begin to refine movement by trial, error, and feedback, which aids in the development of self- correction skills. During the associative stage, the teacher designs the practice activities after identifying the errors and providing corrective feedback. (Fitts and Posner's Motor Learning Stages) Autonomous Stage - correct answer the movements become automatic and the student can perform skills independently. The learner is able to self-correct during the autonomous stage. During this stage, the teacher should focus on motivation and design activities that refine the movements. (Fitts and Posner's Motor Learning Stages) Bernstein's Motor Learning Stages - correct answer focus on the degrees of freedom problem. The degrees of freedom problem refers to the variations that can take place in a complex movement because of the number of isolated types of movement involved in accomplishing a movement skill. Degrees of Freedom Problem - correct answer refers to the variations that can take place in a complex movement because of the number of isolated types of movement involved in accomplishing a movement skill. (For instance, when a pitcher throws a baseball, his feet, legs, torso, arms, and hands are involved in throwing the ball. Therefore, the goal is to reduce the number of problems that can arise from degrees of freedom that may impede success to achieve the desired movement.) Coordination - correct answer The ability to use two or more body parts together Complex Movement - correct answer involve at least two compound movements. No other movement is more violent, explosive, and comprehensive than a Clean and Jerk or a Snatch. Both of these movements incorporate loads of muscle.