WREB Study Guide fully solved graded A+ 2023/2024

WREB Study GuideLocal anesthesia depresses excitation in nerve endings or inhibiting the conduction of what nerves? - correct answer peripheral LA differed from other drugs in that most other drugs are absorbed in the blood stream but LA stop their action once absorbed where? - correct answer systemic circulation Why are vasoconstrictors added to LA? - correct answer decrease blood flow at injection site, constrict blood vessels and allows for a longer working time more profound anesthesia and less bleeding Why are additives and preservatives added to LA? - correct answer prolong the shelf life by using antioxidant properties What are two examples of additives and preservatives? - correct answer sodium bisulfite and sodium metasulfite Asthma patients are sensitive to what additive? - correct answer sulfites If a person is allergic to sodium bisulfite do you use vasoconstrictor? - correct answer No What does a yellow brown tint indicate? - correct answer oxidation What should you do if there is oxidation in the carpule? - correct answer dispose of it. Are LA's vasodilators or vasoconstrictors? - correct answer vasodilators except cocaine its a vasoconstrictor What phase of nerve conduction has positive ca+ on the outside and negative on the inside with no movement of ions? - correct answer resting state What phase of nerve conduction has increase permeability to NA+ ions becomes less negative within the nerve? - correct answer deolarization slow phase What phase of nerve conduction has enough stimulous to make nerve fire with influx of sodium? - correct answer rapid depolarization What phase of nerve conduction returns to resting state which Na goes out of the nerve and k returns in the nerve. influx of K+ - correct answer Repolarization What is the site of action for a LA? - correct answer nerve membrane LA are alkaloid bases meaning they are? - correct answer wea combine with acids to form water soluble salts. Base form is lipophilic and non ionized or hydrohillic and ionized? - correct answer lipophilic and non ionized. ph of normal tissue is - correct answer 7.3 to 7.4 ph of local anesthesia is - correct answer 5.5 ph of local anesthesia with epinephrine is - correct answer 3.3 ph of inflamed tissue is - correct answer 5.5 to 5.6 when there is an inflamed area it means less or more anesthesia is absorbed causing a slower or faster onset of action...meaning it reduces the potency of the drug and poor anesthesia. - correct answer slower onset, less anesthesia Esters hydrolyzed to ______________in the blood by pseudocholinesterase