SOWK 250 EXAM 2023 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS.

Reformed perspective of diversity & inequality creation-God created diversity and was happy about it, loved equally but differently fall- sin corrupted equality-stratification Redemption- God works through us to restore and redeem equality and we become agents of renewal Three Levels of Social Life Human Agency, Culture, and Social Structure Human Agency an individuals exercise of free will through decisions and activities ex. thinking critically, freedom of speech Culture an entire way of life of a group of people that acts as a lens through which one views the world and is passed from one generation to the next ex. values, behaviors, taboos Social Structure external factors outside of one's control that shape the lives of individuals ex. poverty, war, natural disasters Social Location An individual's or group's social "place" in the race, class, gender, and sexuality hierarchies, as well as in other critical social hierarchies such as age, ethnicity, and nation. Life Chances The material advantages or disadvantages that a particular member of a social category can expect to receive based on their status- the opportunities people have to provide for themselves with material goods, positive living conditions and favorable life chances- higher life chances, higher social location Intersections a method of research that focuses on understanding social life at the intersection of two or more social systems Social location, Life Chances & Intersections How all of these above terms are related to each other There are multiple intersections of social systems (race, class, gender) that affect your social location. Based on your social location, you have greater or lesser life chances ex. being a lesbian African American women you have lower life chances than someone who is a straight White Male- society prefers certain social systems compared to others Primary Social Systems- why are these considered primary? race, class, gender, sexuality- most influential, powerful- large scale social movements Secondary Social Systems- why are these considered primary? age, religion, physical ability, physical structure- not as influential Characteristics of Stratification relational, invisible, unintentional, and cyclical Relational Characteristic of Stratification individuals profit is dependent on another individuals deficit Invisible Characteristic of Stratification cultural and structural are not visible without intentional examination Unintentional Characteristic of Stratification exploitation isn't personally intentional but the nature of participating in a capitalist system Cyclical Characteristic of Stratification having resources makes it easier to maintain and gain resource in future- capitalism needs someone to be poor Four main points about why learning about inequality is contentious? laws, practices, and behaviors that systematically favor the upperclass and discriminate against others Paradox about capitalism our gov't says we are equal but in the economy we are unequal- capitalism needs someone to be poor to thrive McDonalds story example of how capitalism needs poverty and low paying jobs such as McDonalds to have a successful business and make money Micro vs. macro level focus on social issues Detriot walking man- had to walk 21 miles to job because bus' not running- this is not just individual it is also systemic Flint water- can't just get individuals water- need solutions to be prolonged Environmental Racism- systemic not just based on where an individual lives Social Class position in the economic based hierarchy based on income education, geographic location etc Main points from the video People Like US: Social Class in America exploring the preconceptions about social class in the United States and the education, attitudes, aspirations, income, and other factors that contribute to social class Classism: Individual Level an individual's belief that those in the lower class are inferior and should be segregated Classism: Symbolic Level individual's belief that the lower class does not fit into the culture of upperclas society Classism: Systemic Race categorization into a certain group based on bloodlines, phenotypes, and society's perception and categorization of those phenotypes Ethnicity sharing of a common cultural heritage, includes shared symbols language, ideas, customs, etc Social construction of Race We make a decision of where to put people based on how they look- we label people as good or bad based on phenotypes Symbolic ethnicity pride in one's ethnicity even if one does not integrate all of the traditions, beliefs, and values of that ethnicity into their everyday life- cost based on whay you identify Minority group a group whose power, privilege, and status in society is less than another's, usually people of color Race and Social class people of color are associated with being in the lower class while white people are associated with being in the upper class Racism: Individual Level an individual's belief in biological racial inferiority or that racial groups should be segregated ex.- kkk Racism: Symbolic Level an individual's belief that a racial group does not fit into the culture of their society ex.- african americans are in the lower class Racism: Systemic Level laws, practices, and behaviors that systematically favor certain racial groups and discriminate against others ex.- chicago police department, friends being the same race Sex the categorization of being according to physiological characteristics ex. chromosomes, genitals, estrogen Gender social and cultural pattern that we associate with men and women ex. femmininity and masculinity Gender Expression a persons internal sense of who they are in the gender spectrum (women, man, trans) Gender Identity external expression of one's gender identity through behavior, clothing, hair or body characteristics Sexism: individual level an individual's belief that women are biologically inferior to men or should be submissive to them in all situations ex- dowries Sexism: symbolic level an individual's value of masculinity over femininity ex. cleaning supplies for women, men in ballet are gay Sexism: systemic level laws, practices, and behaviors that systematically favor men and discriminate against women ex. more ceos named john then women, maternity leave LGBTQQPIAAA lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, queer, questioning, pansexual, intersex, aromantic, asexual, ally Sexuality an individuals romantic and/pr sexual attraction towards others Sex & gender's relationship to sexuality we are taught to relate certain sex and genders to sexuality