SOWK 250 FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS.

Public services and private services are 2 main classifications of social services. Explain the difference the between the two. Public services are government agencies, have laws that specify the services they provide, funded by taxes, and have a bureaucratic hierarchy Private services are created by voluntary initiatives, guided by by-laws, and have varied funding. Just because they carry out services funded by the gov doesn't make them gov orgs Two types of organizations are agencies and associations, what is the difference? Agencies provide actual services,vary in size and scope of services, and there is a lot of diversity on how the services are provided Associations have members, usually other organizations, and advance the interests of their members There are several different types of agencies explain the difference between primary agencies, host agencies, sectarian agencies, and nonsectarian agencies Primary: provide sowk services as main objective Host: primary purpose of the org is not to provide social services, sowk is often a complement to the org (schools, hospitals, courts, etc.) Sectarian: religious affiliation Nonsectarian: secular sponsorship...all public agencies are nonsectarian but private agencies can be sectarian or nonsectarian Describe the difference between for-profit private sector agencies, not for profit private sector agencies, and private practice? For profit: portion of earned income returns to shareholders Nonprofit: service motive, not profit motive, it's a task classification and altruistic Private: entreprenurial, must be licensed at the highest level...this is different than independent practice in MD What is the importance of geographic location in social services? Often there are jurisdictions that define the boundaries for service Federal and state funding legislative mandates determine funding- earmarked funds fiscal retrenchment bureaucratic disentitlement Grants? request for proposals (RFPs) provide guidelines applications must be submitted Endowments investment that produces income other funding of services taxes and donors (major local sources) fee for services insurance reimbursement purchase of service contracts What is privatization and why is it an issue? Government outsource services they need to provide to private orgs more private business and industry involved in social service delivery seen as a solution for the growth of the "welfare state" What are other issues with funding besides privatization? competition self interest/agency turf social triage to limit access to services Who are paraprofessionals? some specialized knowledge, but no formal education required for professional status and can create tension when practice domains are not clear Self help groups? augment social services, used with professional service or totally separate over 25 million ppl participate in self help groups format differs from group to group based on principles of empowerment, inclusion, mutual aid, and shared responsibility research on self help groups supports their effectiveness One of the issues with service delivery is fragmented and restricted services, explain collection of discrete program options available only for eligible client response to lack of resources Ideally, we want coordinated services for the social service delivery systems, explain what this is universal and comprehensive services that are client driven, involve consumers, have flexible funding parameters, broad eligibility, and an emphasis on prevention What's the difference between values and ethics? Values are ideas about what we believe is preferable or ideal, they're general guidance for behaviors, standards to define good and bad Ethics is related to what we consider correct or right and generate standards of behavior. Ethics are "values in action" Difference between micro and macroethics micro ethics guide direct practice macro ethics guide organizations and social policy How has the foundation of social work values shifted? Used to be focused on individual morality, now focused on morality the social work profession What is the code of ethics? provides legitimacy to the profession, produced by the professional org (NASW) guiding licensing and performance used as a spring board for inspection of ethical questions framework to guide ethical decision making What does the code of ethics do and not do? prescribes expectations for professional conduct provides standards for assessing competence does NOT tell you what to do in every situation use general terms with high level of abstraction acknowledges that ethical decision making is a process What are the parts of the NASW Code of Ethics Preamble Purpose Ethical Principles Ethical Standards The NASW Code of Ethics has 6 values with principles...what are the 6 values (the principles are kind of self explanatory from there) Service Social Justice Dignity and worth of the person Importance of human relationships Integrity Competence (Sunday School Does Imply I Care) Who does the NASW Code of ethics standards outline its responsibilities to Clients Colleagues Practice settings Professionals Sowk profession Broader society pretty much everyone What are some of the ethical principles? Acceptance Individualization Purposeful expression of feeling Nonjudgemental Attitudes Objectivity Controlled emotional involvement Self determination Access to resources Confidentiality Accountability What are social workers supposed to use electronic technology to do? Provide info to public Design and deliver services Gather, manage, store, and access info about clients Educate and supervise social workers There are two other perspectives on ethics...what are they? International code of ethics Radical code of ethics Racism? Elitism? Sexism? Heterosexism? Ageism? Handicapism? Racism: social domination of one racial group by another Elitism: prejudice against those in lower socioeconomic classes Sexism: belief that one sex is superior to the other Heterosexism: prejudice against people whose sexual orientation differs from that of heterosexuals Ageism: one age group is inferior to another Handicapism: prejudice against people who have mental or physical disabilities Who was Herbert Spencer? Coined social darwinism, survival of the fittest; helping lower class interfered with the natural process in which society improves over time Who is William Graham Sumner? Popularized social darwinism in the US by combining Spencer's thoughts, laissez-fair economics, and the Protestant work ethic nature rewards those who are most fit Government interventions can upset nature's balance What do structural functionalists believe about social injustice exists because it's function society poverty serves economic, social, cultural, and political functions social stratification is inevitable because society must make certain that its important positions are filled and those must be filled by themes qualified What do conflict theorists believe about social injustice Conflict is the basis for social stratification Every society will be stratified by power every society has limited resources and in every society groups struggle with one another for those resources wherever a group gains power, it uses that power to extract what it can from the groups beneath it What is the attribution theory? People draw conclusions from their own experiences, they attribute cause of problems to external factors Defense mechanisms see issues on someone else's life but not own Self fulfilling prophecy you're told something a bunch, you believe it, and you end up doing it Blaming the victim? Environmental cause of poverty but still see faults on the individual focus on changing the victim just world belief? correlation between individual worth and fate the stronger the belief in a "just world" the lower the level of social activism What is oppression? Results from an imbalance of power, denies minority groups access to opportunities and resources and limits their rightful participation in society What is dehumanization? By regarding other with cold detachment and showing indifference to human misery, this obscures the inherent worth and dignity of personhood What is victimization? Ascribing blame and victim status grants perceptions of helplessness, powerlessness, and alienation What is the importance of acknowledging diversity and its relation to sowk? goal of sowk is to incorporate a critical perspective to working with diverse populations cultural competence is a process, not an event must recognize diversity within diversity What is cultural identity? (what does it include, what is its relationship with intersectionality) Maintaining this is a goal for some individuals Language, religious beliefs, common ancestry, appearance, place of origin, etc. Intersectionality talks about how cultural identity is not monocultural, it's an interplay between one's many identities and his or her uniqueness come from multiple group membership There are several responses to dominance, what is acculturation? Minorities adopt attitudes, values, and norms of the dominant culture, but retain some behavior and social patterns from their own ethnic or cultural group There are several responses to dominance, what is assimilation? Minority group integrates into the dominant group and becomes less distinguishable from other members of the group There are several responses to dominance, what is accommodation? stable coexistance There are several responses to dominance, what is rejection? minorities hold onto their ethnic or cultural characteristics and reject the dominant culture There are several responses to dominance, what is marginality? Minority group wants to be accepted, but it is not accepted by the dominant group What is cultural pluralism? An alternative the majority-minority paradigm shows mutual respect with no prejudice or hostility for those who express their own culture seeks to maintain the cultural integrity of each group and there is an orientation toward strengths What is the critical theory? Looks at macro level forces' influence on individuals an how individuals impact society to bring about change Critical race theory? Complements critical theory by focusing on race and power interactions Standpoint theory? how we perceive and interpret the world come from our own location or "standpoint" Sociocultural dissonance? Tension from belonging to two cultures at the same time-- the ethnic culture and dominant culture Nurturing environment vs sustaining environment (sustaining could be like your workplace where you're not necessarily accepted but you need it to survive) On what level must cultural competence be addressed? All (individual, organization, and community) What is key to multicultural social work practice? Self awareness-- develop a critical consciousness that is aware of structural inequalities and oppression be aware of your own power and privilege and micro-aggressions Speech? accept gaps in conversation and in response perception of impatience can be seen as disrespectful speed of speech also varies so pay attention to the volume and speed of your client's speech and adapt if necessary Be aware of interruptions in conversation, explore if it's a cultural issue, adjust Eye contact? never force a client to make eye contact with you assess the way your client communicates with you Others may be uncomfortable with direct eye contact, maybe sit next to him or her instead of across