BIOLOGY TEST| 71 QUESTIONS FULLY SOLVED & UPDATED 2023

Which substances are entering the bag and which are leaving the bag? What experimental evidence supports your answers? KT entered the bag. Glucose left the bag. The bags color changed the purple that's how we know that KI entered the bag. The beaker's color did not change which means that the starch did not go into the beaker. Explain the results you obtained. Include the concentration differences and membrane pore size in your discussion. For the glucose, the bag was hypertonic compared to the beaker. The cell membrane pore is bigger than the the KI pore, so the starch did not diffuse into the beaker. Quantitative data uses numbers to measure observed changes. How could this experiment be modified so that quantitative data could be collected to show that water diffused into the dialysis bag? We could record the proportion of the ingredients which would show that water diffused into the dialysis bag. Based on your observations, rank the following by relative size, beginning with the smallest: glucose molecules, water molecules, IKI molecules, membrane pores, starch molecules. 1. IKI molecules 2. water molecules 3. membrane molecules 4. glucose molecules 5. starch molecules What results would you expect if the experiment started with a glucose and IKI solution inside the bag and only starch and water outside? Why? I think the beaker would change color, and the bag would stay the same. SInce the IKI solution has small pores it would diffuse into the beaker creating the color change. Explain the relationship between the change in mass and the molarity of sucrose within the dialysis bags. The relationships between the change in mass and the molarity of sucrose within the bag is the mass increased once the distilled water diffused into the dialysis bags. Predict what would happens to the mass of each bag in this experiment if all the bags were placed in a 0.4M sucrose instead of distilled water. Explain your response. The mass of each bag would stay the same because both substances have sucrose in it. They would diffuse until they reached equilibrium, Since the bags were placed in distilled water, the water diffused into the bag making the mass increase. Why did you calculate the percent change in mass rather than simply using the change in mass? The percentage change in mass helps show how much of the water has diffused into the dialysis bag. What is plasmolysis> PLasmolysis is the shrinking of the cytoplasm of a plant cell in response to diffusion of water out of the cell and into a hypertonic environment surrounding the cell. WHy did the elodea cell plasmolyze? The elodea cell plasmolyzed because when the salt water was added the central vacuole shriveled up. In the winter, grass often die near roads that have been salted to remove ice. What causes this to happen? The grass was plasmolyzed when the salt was added. What is metabolism? the sum of all the chemical reactions in your body Where does energy come from? catabolism What does catabolism do? It breaks up stuff most liberate energy- (excess energy) What is the reaction of catabolism, which produces the energy? ATP -> ADP + Pi What does ATP stand for? Adenosine Triphosphate What does Pi stand for? - ( i = inorganic) phosphate What does ADP stand for? Adenosine di phosphate What is ATP? energy currency of the cell WHen the AtP breaks it down it uses the energy for cellular work What is the reaction for anabolism? ADP + Pi -> (it creates) ATP WHat is anabolism? It consumes energy How does ATP provide energy for metabolism? ATP breaks down - one phosphate is transferred to other molecule releasing energy needed for endergonic reactions (this is how I transfer energy) What type of macromolecule is ATP? a nucleotide Is ATP a monomer or a polymer? monomer What makes up the nucleotide of ATP? it has a nitrogenous base = its adenine it has 5- carbons and it has 3 phosphates What are the three phosphates made up of? POP is energetic two POP make up the phosphate WHat are the three metabolic pathways substrates intermediate end products WHat are the chemical reactions in catabolic reactions? hydrolysis What are the chemical reactions in anabolic reactions dehydration synthesis because where we put things together How do you get to anabolism You have to get thhrough metabolism before going through anabolism For what purposes do cells need energy? To maintain homeostasis and organization To move Making Molecules - Biosynthesis Biochemical pathway (many reactions -- needing much energy - in small doses) Cells need energy to move to do what? the whole cell (flagella and cilia TO change shape of cell movement within cells (molecules, etc...) What is endergonic? a reaction that requires energy to happen (net use of energy) What is exergonic? reaction that produces energy ( net loss of energy) What is entropy the state of disorder What does exergonic tend to be? catabolic What does entropy tend to be? anabolic WHat does entropy take? takes energy to organize- entropy allows everything to spread out -> disorder