NCC EFM EXIT EXAM Q&A 2023/2024

NCC EFM EXIT EXAM Q&A 2023/2024 LATE DECELERATIONS ARE MEDIATED PRIMARILY BY - CORRECT ANSWERCHEMORECEPTORS BASELINE - CORRECT ANSWER-FHR IN A 10 MIN SEGMENT TACHYCARDIA - CORRECT ANSWER-FHR >160 BRADYCARDIA - CORRECT ANSWER-FHR <110 VARIABILITY - CORRECT ANSWER-VARIATIONS IN BASELINE ABSENT-0 MIN <=5 MOD 6-25 MARKED >25 NO DISTINCTION IS MADE BETWEEN SHORT TERM & LONG TERM VARIABILITY BECAUSE - CORRECT ANSWER-THEY ARE VISUALIZED AS A UNIT ACCELERATION - CORRECT ANSWER-ABRUPT INCREASE <30 SEC FROM BASELINE ACCELERATION IN 32+ WEEKS GESTATION - CORRECT ANSWER-PEAK OF AT LEAST 15 BPM AND DURATION OF 15 SEC BUT < THAN 2 MINUTES ACCELERATION IN < 32 WEEKS GESTATION - CORRECT ANSWER-PEAK OF AT LEAST 10 BPM AND DURATION 10 SEC BUT < THAN 2 MINUTES PROLONGED ACCELERATION - CORRECT ANSWER-LASTS >= 2 MIN BUT < THAN 10 MIN BASE LINE CHANGE - CORRECT ANSWER-ACCELERATION LASTING >= 10 MIN EARLY - CORRECT ANSWER-GRADUAL ONSET >= 30 SECONDS W CONTRACTION >= TO NADAR. HEAD COMPRESSION...VAGAL RESPONSE LATE - CORRECT ANSWER-GRADUAL ONSET >= 30 SECONDS TO NADAR OCCUR AFTER CONTRACTION VARIABLE - CORRECT ANSWER-ABRUPT ONSET <30 SECONDS TO NADAR CATEGORY 1 - CORRECT ANSWER-FHT INCLUDES ALL OF THE FOLLOWING: RATE: 110-160 MODERATE VARIABILITY ACCELERATIONS PRESENT OR ABSENT 0 LATE OR VARIABILE DECELERATIONS EARLY DECELERATIONS PRESENT OR ABSENT CATEGORY 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-ALL FHT NOT CATEGORY 1 OR CATEGORY 3 CATEGORY 3 - CORRECT ANSWER-FHT INCLUDES AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: ABSENT VARIABILITY WITH RECURRENT LATES ABSENT VARIABILITY WITH RECURRENT VARIABLES ABSENT VARIABILITY WITH BRADY FOR 10 MIN SINUSOIDAL PATTERN FOR AT LEAST 20 MIN SINUSOIDAL PATTERN - CORRECT ANSWER-SAW TOOTH >= 20 MIN FEVER/INFECTION - CORRECT ANSWER-TACHYCARDIA DECREASED VARIABILITY MEDICATIONS - CORRECT ANSWER-DEPENDS ON MED BUT INCLUDES CHANGES: BASELINE FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE OF ACCELS VARIABILITY SINUSOIDAL PATTERN HYPERTHYROIDISM - CORRECT ANSWER-TACHYCARDIA DECREASED VARIABILITY FETAL ANEMIA - CORRECT ANSWER-SINUSOIDAL PATTERN TACHYCARDIA FETAL HEART BLOCK - CORRECT ANSWER-BRADYCARDIA DECREASED VARIABILITY FETAL TACHYARRHYTHEMIA - CORRECT ANSWER-VARIABLE DEGREES OF TACHYCARDIA DECREASED VARIABILITY CONGENITAL ANOMALY - CORRECT ANSWER-DECREASED VARIABILITY DECELERATIONS PREEXISTING NEUROLOGIC ABNORMALITY - CORRECT ANSWER-DECREASED VARIABILITY ABSENT ACCELERATIONS SLEEP CYCLE - CORRECT ANSWER-DECREASED VARIBILITY REDUCED FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE OF ACCELERATIONS AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (CARRIES SIGNALS TO AND FROM SMOOTH MUSCLES AND GLANDS: SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC) - CORRECT ANSWER-REGULATES FHR IN RESPONSE TO FLUCTUATIONS IN PO2, PCO2, AND BP DETECTED BY CHEMORECEPTORS AND BARORECEPTORS (LOCATED IN AORTIC ARCH AND CAROTID ARTERIES) SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - CORRECT ANSWER-INCREASE FHR (FIGHT OR FLIGHT, Step on the gas) PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - CORRECT ANSWER-DECREASES FHR (REST AND DIGEST, Press on the break) INTERVILLOUS SPACE PERFUSION IS DEPENDENT ON - CORRECT ANSWERADEQUATE UTERINE BLOOD FLOW OXYGEN IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE MOTHER TO THE FETUS VIA THE PLACENTA THRU - CORRECT ANSWER-PASSIVE DIFFUSION MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE IS BEST PROMOTED BY WHICH MATERNAL POSITION - CORRECT ANSWER-EITHER RIGHT OR LEFT LATERAL OXYGEN DEPLETION CASCADE - CORRECT ANSWER-AEROBIC METABOLISM- >HYPOXEMIA->TISSUE HYPOXIA->ANAEROBIC METABOLISM->LACTIC ACID BUILD UP->METABOLIC ACIDOSIS PHYSIOLOGY OF LATE DECELLERATIONS - CORRECT ANSWER-*DECREASED FH VARIABILITY- FETUS HAS LESS AVAILABLE O2 *OVERTIME...ANAEROBIC METABOLISM (GLUCOSE HAS LESS O2 TO MIX WITH) *GLUCOSE BREAKS DOWN W/O O2 AND BECOMES LACTIC ACID *INITIALLY FETUS BRINGS IN BASE (NA BICARB) TO NEUTRALIZE ACID. WORKS FOR A BIT... *IF CONTINUES...BASE IS DEPLETED FETUS DEVELOPS METABOLIC ACIDEMIA *LEADS TO CELLULAR DEATH SYMPATHETIC BRANCH OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLUENCES THE FHR TO - CORRECT ANSWER-INCREASE PARASYMPATHETIC BRANCH OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLUENCES THE FHR TO - CORRECT ANSWER-DECREASE VARIABLE DECELERATIONS ARE MEDIATED PRIMARILY BY - CORRECT ANSWER-BARORECEPTORS