Biology Unit 1 Test Questions and Answers Graded A+

Biology Unit 1 Test Questions and Answers Graded A+ scientific study of life Biology how singlecell develops into an organism, how the human mind works, and how living thing interact themes of biology a cell that is simple, smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles prokaryotic cell a cell that has a membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest which is the nucleus eukaryotic cell What is an example of a prokaryotic cell? Bacteria What is an example of a eukaryotic cell? Plants means that as more of a product acculumates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced positive feedback means that as more a product acculumates, the process that creates it slows and less of the product is produced negative feedback What is an example of negative feedback? production of red blood cells What is an example of positive feedback? sweating What are the 3 Domains? (alphabetical order) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya What are the 4 classes of large biological molecules? (alphabetical order) carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins 2 monomers bond together through a loss of a water molecule dehydration What is the importance of enzymes in the dehydration process? speed up dehydration polymers are broken down into monomers by the gain of a water molecule hydrolysis serve as a fuel and building material carbohydrate the smallest form of carbohydrates monasaccharide the largst form of carbohydrates polysaccharides What is the general molecular formula? multiples of CH2O what is the most common monosaccharide? glucose What is the classification of a monosaccharide? the location of the carbonyl group and the number of carbon in the carbon skeleton what is it called when the carbonyl group is on the end of a monosaccharide? aldose/aldehyde what is it called when the carbonyl group is on the interior of a monosaccharide? ketose/ketone What are the three common monosaccharide? glucose,galactose, and fructose blood sugar the immediate source of energy for cellular respiration glucose a sugar in dairy galactose a sugar found in honey fructose What do all 3 monosaccharides have in common? a carbon skeleton with 6 carbons When does a disaccharide form? a dehydration reaction joins 2 monosaccharides what are the 3 commondisaccharides? maltose, lactose, sucrose glucose+glucose maltose what is the product of starch digestion maltose glucose+galactose lactose major sugar in milk lactose glucose+fructose sucrose common table sugar sucrose the polymers of sugars that have storage and structural roles polysaccharides What is a the storage polysaccharide of plants and consists entirely of glucose monomers? starch What is the storage polysaccharide that is in animals? glycogen what is the major component of the tough wallof plant cells that is in a stuctural polysaccharide? cellulose A structural polysaccharide that is found in the exoskeleton of arthopods chitin What is the unifying feature of a lipid little or no affinity for water what are the most biologically important lipids fats, phospholipids, and steroids Why do fats separate from water? water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and exclude the fats What are 3 fatty acids that are joined to glycerol by an ester linkage triglyceride have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds and are solid at room temperature saturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature unsaturated fatty acids What are usually fish fats unsaturated fats what are usually animal fats saturated fats the process of conveyng unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen hydrogenation what is the compositon of a phospholipid two fatty acids and a phospahate group that are attached to a glycerol in a phospholipid, the two fatty acids are... hydrophobic in a phospholipid, the phosphate group is... hydrophilic when phospholipids are added to water they self assemble into a bilayer with the... hydrophobic tails pointing toward the interior steroids are characterized by? a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings which steroid is a part of animal cell membranes? cholesterolan include structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, a movement, and defense against foreign substances. protein functions type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions enzymes polymers built from a set of 20 amino acids polypeptides unique set of amino acids in a protein is what structure and is determined by the inherited genetic info primary structure found in most proteins which consists of the coils and folds in the polypeptide chain which result in the hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone secondary structure determined by the interaction among various sidehcains tertiary structure results when a protein consists of multiple ploypeptide chains and when two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule quaternary structure the coil in a secondary structure alphahelix the fold in a secondary structure beta pleated sheet a fibrous protein consisting of three polypeptides coiled like a rope collagen a globular protein consisting of four polypeptide chains two alpha and two beta chains hemoglobin loss of a protein native omental factors that cause proteins to unravel denaturation the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance gene are made up of DNA genes what does DNA stand for? deoxyribose nucleic acid what does RNA stand for? ribose nucleic acid a nucleoside+ a phosphate group nucleotide nitrogeneous base+ a sugar nucleoside is either deoxyribose or ribose which makes it DNA or RNA sugar what does adenine pair with in DNA thymine what does adenine pair with in RNA uracil what does cytosine pair with guanine are linked together to build a polynucleotide nucleotide polymers adjacent nucleotides are joined by... covalent bonds the backbone of the link of adjacent nucleotides and covalent bonds sugar phosphate the appendages of the link of adjacent nucleotides and covalent bonds nitrogeneous bases DNA molecule that has 2 polynucleotide spiraling around an imaginary axis double helix in the double helix the 2 backbones run in oppsite 5' to 3' directions from each other which is called? antiparallel what are the nonpolar amino acids R groups? Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryotophan, Proline what are the polar amino acids R groups? Serine, threonine, Cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, Glutamine Protein function:selective acceleration of chemical reaction Eukaryotic Protein protein function: support structural protein protein function: storage of amino acids storage protein protein function: transport of other substances transport protein protein function: coordination of an organism's activities hormonal protein protein function: response of cell to chemical stimuli receptor protein