BIOL 1P91 Midterm Exam Latest
Version (Brock University)
Scientific Method Correct Answer Investigative approach to acquiring knowledge
about the natural universe
Hypothesis Correct Answer Ideas that potentially explain a repeated observation
Proximate Hypothesis Correct Answer Address the cause of immediate changes
in individual phenotypes or interactions
Ultimate hypothesis Correct Answer Address the fitness costs and benefits of a
response
Scientific theory Correct Answer An accepted explanation for how nature works -
i.e. the Cell Theory: all organisms are made of cells.
Matter Correct Answer Any substance that has mass and occupies space: solids,
liquids, gases
Element Correct Answer Pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
Atom Correct Answer Smallest unit that retains all chemical & physical properties
Electronegativity Correct Answer An atom's ability to attract the electrons in
covalent bonds
Polar covalent bond Correct Answer A covalent bond in which electrons are NOT
shared equally
Non-polar molecules Correct Answer Molecules that are hydrophobic, consist of
C-H bonds in bio systems
Polar molecules Correct Answer Molecules that are hydrophilic, attract and align
themselves with molecules of similarity
Hydrogen bonds Correct Answer Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen
atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule
van der Waals forces Correct Answer A slight attraction that develops between
non-polar molecules or N-P regions when electrons accumulate in one part of the
molecule, leading to zones of positive or negative charge
Cell theory Correct Answer The idea that all living things are composed of cells,
cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are
produced from pre-existing cells
Cells Correct Answer _______ carry out all essential processes of life
, Viruses Correct Answer _________ cannot carry out all features of life
Plasma membrane Correct Answer A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer
which separates the inside of the cell from the outside; prevents crossing of water
soluble molecules.
Cytosol Correct Answer Aqueous (water) solution in the cell containing dissolved
ions and organic molecules
Cytoskeleton Correct Answer Interconnected system of protein fibres & tubes,
extends throughout cell division, maintains cell's shape and internal organization.
Prokaryotic cells Correct Answer DNA is present in central region of cell
(nucleoid) but is not separated from cytosol
Archaea Correct Answer Domain of single-celled organisms with several genes &
metabolic pathways similar to those of eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic cells Correct Answer Type of cell where DNA is contained in
membrane-bound nucleus separated from cytosol, found in fungi, plants, animals
and protists.
Nuclear envelope Correct Answer Double membrane perforated with pores that
control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear pore complex Correct Answer Cylindrical structure made of nucleoporin
proteins
Nucleolus Correct Answer Found inside the nucleus, produces ribosomal
subunits
Endoplasmic Reticulum Correct Answer Cell organelle which is a interconnected
network of membranous channels & vesicles
Rough ER Correct Answer Part of the ER with ribosomes on the outer surface,
synthesizes proteins that enter ER lumen to be modified chemically, delivers proteins
to small membrane vesicles.
Smooth ER Correct Answer Part of the ER with no ribosomes on outer surface,
synthesizes lipids that become apart of the cell membrane.
Golgi complex Correct Answer Cell organelle: stack of flattened membranous
sacs (cristae). Vesicles from ER fuse with "cis" side and release new proteins into
cisternae. Modified proteins are sorted into vesicles that bud off "trans" side.
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