AEST Standard 18 and 25 - High Scoring Technique.

What is a benefit of using genetic engineering to improve a plant species instead of more traditional selective breeding? It is a faster and more efficient way of getting the same results; Improves crop yields or crop quality; may help reduce hunger around the world How does Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) production in bioengineered corn help to prevent damage from the European Corn Borer? the gene of interest produces a protein that kills Lepidoptera larvae, in particular, European corn borer; this protein is called the Bt delta endotoxin What are two of the methods that can be used to insert foreign DNA into host cells? Vectors are used carry DNA into cells. Bacterial plasmids and viruses are the most widely used vectors. What item is a production of fermentation? the most common are ethanol, lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas (H2) Why is it easier to make ethanol from starch-based biomass (ex. Corn kernels), rather than from cellulose-based biomass (ex. Grasses)? Cellulose is a tough material, often containing lignin, which makes plants woody. If starch melts in your mouth and cellulose resists degradation, then it makes sense that starch is easier to convert into ethanol. What is an example of a food that changes form due to enzymatic reactions? Enzymatic browning can be observed in fruits (apples, pears, bananas, etc.), and vegetables (lettuce, potatoes, mushrooms, etc.) What is pollination control? a technique used in plant improvement to produce progeny (offspring) that receive genes from each of two known parent plants Why is pollination control important in the selective plant breeding process? It establishes and maintains a pedigreed breeding population, controls inbreeding, and hybridizes and back-crosses among species. What is superovulation? Hormonal treatment to increase number of ovulations Why is superovulation generally used in animal reproductive biotechnology? It accelerates genetic improvement. It is a means to induce maturation, ovulation and increase the number of follicles available for oocyte recovery. What are the major benefits of using biotechnology to promote animal health? producing animals with increased growth, improved feed conversion, leaner meat, increased muscle mass, improved disease resistance, and increased reproductive potential What term describes a fermented fuel that is produced by microbes as they consume sugar molecules from cellulose? biofuel What is enhanced bioremediation?