Protein Summary

Protein (Peptide): They’re polymers made up of monomers called: Amino Aci
Amino acid consists of a carbon atom that is attached to:
1. Hydrogen atom (H) at the top
2. A basic amino group (NH2) at the left
3. An acidic carboxyl group (COOH) at the right
4. An alkyl (R) at the bottom which differs from an amino acid to the
other and it’s determined by the type of the amino acid.
Proteins are made up of repeated units of amino acids linked with
each other by peptide bond.
Peptide bonds arises between the carboxyl group (COOH) of an amino
acid and the amino (basic) group of another amino acid through the
removal of a water molecule. (OH- group from the carboxyl group of an amino acid and
H+ ion from the amino group of the adjacent amino acid)
• Amino acids can act as acids and bases according to the alkyl (R)
group.
• The number of peptide bonds between the polypeptide chain = the numb
eliminated = the number of the number of amino acids linked together -1
• In polypeptide chain, the number of free carboxyl groups = the number


Classification:
-Simple proteins:
Consist of amino acid only C, H, O, N
Example: Albumin protein which is present in:
• Plant leaves and roots
• Human blood plasma

-Conjugated proteins:
Consist of amino acids and other elements, Examples:
Chromatin Casein Thyroxi
(Building structure of chromosomes) (Milk protein) (Thyroid gland h
The amino acid The nucleic acids Phosphorus
linked with (Nucleic protein) (Phosphoprotein) Iodin
The elements that C, H, O, N, P C, H, O, N, P C, H, O, N
they contain