APCA 1 exam 2023 with 100% correct answers

Alfaxalone - correct answer -IV anesthetic for dogs/cats, extra-label IM sedation for cats/small dogs (not large dogs because larger amount needed), no analgesia -res depression -- muscle tremors/hyperreactivity when alone -neuroactive steroid molecule Amlodipine Besylate PO - correct answer -Ca channel blocker (inhibits voltage-gated Ca channels in cardiac & vascular smooth muscle) -txt of systemic arterial hypertension -Caution using with: heart disease and hepatic dysfunction Apomorphine - correct answer -IV injectable -induction of emesis Atipamezole - correct answer -Antisedan -reversing agent for (+/-dex)medetomidine and xylazine -always give IM Atropine - correct answer -txt/prevention of bradycardia/SA arrest/incomplete AV block, premed, antidote for cholinergic agents & toxins -many drug interactions Atropine ophthalmic - correct answer -used to dilate pupil, paralyze ciliary body & stabilize blood-aqueous barrier (for anterior uveitis) -caution for dx primary glaucoma Buprenorphine - correct answer -opiod partial agonist -analgesic (less analgesia than pure agonists and less sedating than other) -IV, IM, PO Butorphanol - correct answer -Torbugesic, Torbutrol, Stadol -opioid -IM, IV Cefpodoxime - correct answer -Simplicef -AB for skin infections in dogs and UTIs in dogs/cats -not FDA approved for cats -PO -possible GI upset and hypersensitivty Clindamycin - correct answer -broad spectrum AB (staph-, strep-cocci) -GI upset or esophageal problems (if pilled) -caution with renal or liver failure -PO Deracoxib - correct answer -postop for orthopedics, dental sx -txt of osteoarthritis -NSAID -no cats -GI and renal effects can be seen Dexamethasone SP - correct answer -Glucocorticoid -inj, oral, op