Child Psychology Chapter 2 question n answers graded A+ 2023

Child Psychology Chapter 2. Developmental Theory - correct answer Systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a coherent framework for understanding how and why people change as they grow older Grand Theories - correct answer Describe universal processes Minitheories - correct answer Explain only a part of development Emergent Theories - correct answer May become new systematic and comprehensive theories of the future Psychoanalytic theory - correct answer Deals with inner drives and motives, foundation for stages of development Freud's Psychosexual Stages - correct answer Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital, Each stage holds its own conflict and how people resolve determines personality Erickson's Eight Developmental Stages - correct answer Each hold a developmental crisis, first five related to freuds, emphasize people's relationships to family and culture, resolution of crisis depends on interaction between individual and social environment Behaviorism - correct answer John B. Watson, study the actual behavior objectively and scientifically (learning theory), development occurs in small increments Conditioning - correct answer Responses become linked to particular stimuli, Operant Conditioning - correct answer Controlling conscious choices with reinforcement, test is the effect of the consequence on future behavior Social Learning Theory - correct answer Learn from observing others without linking one stimulus with another and without personally experiencing reinforcement Modeling - correct answer People observe behavior and then copy it, most likely when model is powerful, admired Self Efficacy - correct answer Belief that one succeeds because of one's own ability, high aspirations and achievements, Cognitive Therapy - correct answer Structure and development of thought processes, profoundly affects our attitudes Information Processing Theory - correct answer Step by step activation of various parts of the brain Jean Piaget - correct answer Original cognitive theorist, made first IQ test, developed central thesis of cognitive therapy: how children think changes with time and experience and thoughts affect behavior Four stages of Cognitive development - correct answer Sensorimotor Period, preoperational period, concrete period, formal operational period Cognitive Equilibrium - correct answer State of mental balance, intellectual advancement caused by quest for it Assimilation - correct answer New experiences are reinterpreted to fit into old ideas Accomodation - correct answer Old ideas restructured to include new experiences, harder than assimilation, may not fit into existing cognitive structures Sociocultural Theory - correct answer Human development results from dynamic interaction between developing persons and their surrounding society, responses to stress shaped by culture