FL DCF Child Care, Preschool Appropriate Practices (PSPR) (2023) |265 questions and answers

Developmentally appropriate practice, or DAP, is a concept developed by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Developmentally Appropriate Practice focuses on children birth to eight years old and is made up of three principle components: age appropriateness, individual appropriateness and cultural appropriateness. Children between the ages of 3 and 5 need to be exposed to as many different types of learning experiences as possible to make it easier for them to transition into kindergarten. There are many ways to accomplish this; reading to children, providing hands-on play opportunities, introducing new words daily, and allowing the children to play and socialize with each other. Caregivers should plan and prepare experiences that are fun, stimulating, and offer hands-on opportunities for learning that are challenging and achievable. Language development is one of the most important aspects of a child's learning at this age (3-5 years). It is important to expand a child's vocabulary by introducing as many new words as possible during this stage. There are a variety of ways to help children learn new words, including: Poems Songs Stories Parental Involvement True or False? Onomatopoeia means words that describe smells. False Onomatopoeia are words that make sounds like "Pop," "Bang," "Plunk" and "Snap." True or False? Children between the ages of 3 and 5 need to be exposed to as many different types of learning experiences as possible to make it easier for them to transition into kindergarten. True True or False? To increase a child's vocabulary, parents should be encouraged to read to their child daily. True True or False? Developmentally Appropriate Practice is made up of three principles: age appropriateness, individual appropriateness, and cultural appropriateness. True True or False? Language development is one of the key aspects of a child's learning at ages 6 and 7. False Language development is one of the most important aspects of a child's learning during the ages of 3-5 years. True or False? Children's songs are entertaining but do not serve any educational purpose. False Music has a general appeal to children of all ages and also features rhyming and repetition of words. Helping children learn the words to age appropriate music is a great way to ensure that they will absorb and retain new words. True or False? Poems, songs, stories, and parental involvement are all good ways of helping language develop for children. True True or False? Songs like 'Old Macdonald' are important because they introduce children to new animals and the sounds they make. True True or False? Onomatopoeia means words that describe sounds. True Onomatopoeia are words that make sounds like "Pop," "Bang," "Plunk" and "Snap." True or False? Poems are a good way to introduce new words to children because they are short and feature rhyming and the repetition of words. True Jean Piaget - Four Stages of Cognitive Development Erik Erikson - Eight Conflicts of Social and Emotional Development According to Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development are: Sensorimotor - 0-2 years old Preoperational - 2-7 years old Concrete-Operational - 7-11 years old Formal Operations - 11 years old and older The Preoperational Stage During this stage, young children learn about their world through their actions. This is one reason that hands-on learning is crucial during this stage of development. As a caregiver, you must provide children with as many opportunities for hands-on learning as possible. According to Piaget, the Preoperational stage is from ages 2-7 and is most relevant to young children. During this stage, young children learn about their world through their actions. Children at this age (2-7) and stage (Preoperational) -Tend to think illogically, as they will begin to develop logic in the next stage, concrete-operational. -Their thinking process is non-sequential, such as not understanding that a small puddle was once an ice cube. -Are egocentric, meaning that they do not perceive the consequences of their actions upon others. -They are beginning to understand simple concepts, e.g., to classify large and small stack-able plastic bowls or to understand the sequence of their daily schedule. Piaget's theory explains how children interact with their environment to construct knowledge. What are some ways you can implement developmentally appropriate practice to support the growth of young children during this stage? Provide open-ended, hands-on activities so children can progress through as they develop transformation Ask open-ended questions that encourage children to explain their thought process. Provide a variety of activities that allow children to experience real life events (field trips, guest speakers, show and tell). Ask children about their own experience. For example: "Tell us about your painting." At story time ask the children about their favorite stories, and ask the children what happens in the stories. Provide children with the opportunity to make choices. For example: "Which learning center would you like to play in today?" Erik Erikson developed the theory that emotional development occurs through 8 stages in a person's lifetime. He proposes that individuals must go through each of the 8 stages in a sequential order. Each stage presents a conflict that must be resolved before a person can progress to the next stage. Erikson (8 letters in last name, 8 stages/conflicts) proposes that each conflict is best resolved during a specific stage of life. People who successfully resolve each conflict are better able to lead a healthy, socially and emotionally connected life. Infant (Trust vs. Mistrust) Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent, comforting environment. When needs are met, trust is established. Trust builds an emotional foundation. A lack of trust can result in poor emotional stability Toddler (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt) Toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to become confident about themselves. When autonomy is allowed, a person can become comfortable with his/her choices. A lack of autonomy can result in a feeling of shame or insecurity. Preschool (Initiative vs. Guilt) Four- or five-year olds begin to develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves. Children who are not allowed to pursue their natural curiosity will be prone to feel guilt for their actions. When initiative is encouraged, a person experiments within one's environment. A lack of encouragement for initiative can result in a feeling of guilt for acting on one's natural curiosity. Grade School (Industry vs. Inferiority) Between the ages of 6 to 12, children show the ability to develop competencies. Children who are inhibited in developing these skills and abilities will experience inferiority. When children experience success, they attain a sense of adequacy and pride. A lack of industry can result in a feeling of low self-worth. High School (Identity vs. Role Confusion) Between the ages of 12 to 18, children are attempting to define who they are and where they are going. When children are given the opportunity to develop their own ideas and opinions, they can form their own identity. A lack of identity will lead to confusion about who they are. Early Adult (Intimacy vs. Isolation) Between the ages of 18 to 35, young adults are exploring the development of relationships. Young adults need the opportunity to develop close relationships with family, friends, and partners. A lack of intimate relationships can lead to individuals feeling isolated and alone. Middle Adult (Generativity vs. Stagnation) Between the ages of 35 to 64, adults are seeking a sense of accomplishment in life through family and career. Adults need to see progress in their careers or success in their contributions to society. A lack of accomplishment often leads to feelings of resentment and regret. Late Adult (Integrity vs. Despair) After the age of 65, adults seek meaning in their lives. Adults are reflecting on their accomplishments and fulfillment in life. A lack of achievement may lead to despair in the final years.