Bariatric surgery questions and answers grade A+.

Bariatric surgery questions and answers grade A+. What is the most popular type of Bariatric Surgery? - correct answers.The most popular type of bariactric surgery is a Roux-en Y bypass (RYGB). In most centers the surgery can be done laparscopically How successful is the Roux-en Y bypass? - correct answers.RYGB typically results in substantial amounts of weight loss-- over 30% if initial body weight in some studies. How common are complications of Roux-en Y bypass? - correct answers.40% of people will have complications after a Roux-en Y bypass What are the complications of a Roux-en Y bypass? - correct answers.Peritonitis due to anastomotic leakage Abdominal wall hernias staple line disruption Gallstones Neuropathy Marginal ulcers Stomal stenosis Wound infections Thromboembolic disease Gastrointestinal symptoms nutritional deficiencies including Iron, Vit B12, folate Calcium and Vitamin D. What is an alternative to Roux-en Y bypass? - correct answers.Gastric banding What is gastric banding? - correct answers.How it works: The surgeon uses an inflatable band to squeeze the stomach into two sections: a smaller upper pouch and a larger lower section. The two sections are still connected by a very small channel, which slows down the emptying of the upper pouch. Most people can only eat a 1/2 to 1 cup of food before feeling too full or sick. The food also needs to be soft or well-chewed. GB has less complications then Roux-en Y bypass but it results in less dramatic weight loss What is a requirement for gastric banding? - correct answers.Frequent followup is required to adjust the gastric band. What do long term follow ups of both Roux-en Y bypass and Gastric banding? - correct answers.Longer-term follow up suggests that both procedures are associated with significant regaining of weight How can the Gastric band be tightened or loosened? - correct answers.You can also get the band adjusted in a doctor's office. To tighten the band and further restrict your stomach size, the doctor injects more saline solution into the band. To loosen it, the doctor uses a needle to remove liquid from the band What are the cons to doing Gastric banding? - correct answers.People who get gastric banding often have less dramatic weight loss than those who get other surgeries. They may also be more likely to regain some of the weight over the years. What are the complications of Gastric banding? - correct answers.Risks: The most common side effect of gastric banding is vomiting after eating too much too quickly. Complications with the band can happen. It might slip out of place, become too loose, or leak. Some people need more surgeries. As with any operation, infection is a risk. Although unlikely, some complications can be life-threatening. What are the three classes of Bariatric Surgeries? - correct answers.Restrictive Surgeries Malabsorptive/Restrictive Surgeries Implanting an electrical device that affects the signals between the stomach and the brain What is the NIH's recommendation for gastric surgery? - correct answers.NIH consenses panel recommendations are to limit obesity-related surgery to patients with BMIs over 40, or over 35 if obesity-related comorbidities. What is the third (newer) option for Bariatric surgery? - correct answers.Sleeve Gastrectomy What are the pros of sleeve Gastrectomy? - correct answers.The procedure is cost effective for patients with severe obesity and most third-party payers cover the procedure in select patients. For people who are very obese or sick, other weight loss surgeries may be too risky. A sleeve gastrectomy is a simpler operation that gives them a lower-risk way to lose weight. If needed, once they've lost weight and their health has improved -- usually after 12 to 18 months -- they can have a second surgery, such as gastric bypass. Because the intestines aren't affected, a sleeve gastrectomy doesn't affect how your body absorbs food, so you're not likely to fall short on nutrients. What is a sleeve gastrectomy? - correct answers.This is another form of restrictive weight loss surgery. In the operation, the surgeon removes about 75% of the stomach. What remains of the stomach is a narrow tube or sleeve, which connects to the intestines. What are the complications for a sleeve gastrectomy? - correct tion, leaking of the sleeve and blood clots What class of bariatric surgery does a sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding fall into? - correct answers.They are restrictive surgeries What class of bariatric surgery does a Roux- en - Y bypass fall into? - correct answers.This is a malabsorptive / restrictive surgery What is a Roux-en-Y bypass? - correct answers.The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure involves creating a stomach pouch out of a small portion of the stomach and attaching it directly to the small intestine, bypassing a large part of the stomach and duodenum. Not only is the stomach pouch too small to hold large amounts of food, but by skipping the duodenum, fat absorption is substantially reduced. What are the three variations of the Roux-en- Y bypass? - correct answers.Gastric Bypass Roux-en-Y (proximal) Gastric Bypass Roux-en-Y (distal) Mini-gastric Bypass (MGB) What occurs during a proximal Roux-en-Y bypass? - correct answers.This variant is the most commonly employed gastric bypass technique, and is by far the most commonly performed bariatric procedure in the United States. The small intestine is divided approximately 45 cm (18 in) below the lower stomach outlet and is re-arranged into a Y-configuration, enabling outflow of food from the small upper stomach pouch via a "Roux limb". In the proximal version, the Y-intersection is formed near the upper (proximal) end of the small intestine. The Roux limb is constructed using 80-150 cm (31-59 in) of the small intestine, preserving the rest (and the majority) of it for absorbing nutrients. The patient will experience very rapid onset of the stomach feeling full, followed by a growing satiety (or "indifference" to food) shortly after the start of a meal What occurs during a distal Roux-en-Y bypass? - correct answers.The small intestine is normally 6-10 m (20-33 ft) in length. As the Y-connection is moved further down the gastrointestinal tract, the amount available to fully absorb nutrients is progressively reduced, traded for greater effectiveness of the operation. The Y-connection is formed much closer to the lower (distal) end of the small intestine, usually 100-150 cm (39-59 in) from the lower end, causing reduced absorption (malabsorption) of food: primarily of fats and starches, but also of various minerals and the fat-soluble vitamins. The unabsorbed fats and starches pass into the large intestine, where bacterial actions may act on them to produce irritants and malodorous gases. These larger effects on nutrition are traded for a relatively modest increase in total weight loss. What occurs during a mini gastric bypass? - correct answers.The mini gastric bypass procedure was first developed by Dr Robert Rutledge from the USA in 1997, as a modification of the standard Billroth II procedure. A mini gastric bypass creates a long narrow tube of the