Theory of Evolution Latest 2023 with Verified Solutions

Theory of Evolution Latest 2023 with Verified Solutions Coevolution It describes cases where two or more species affect each other's evolution. Evolution Any kind of change in heritable traits within a population across generations. Microevolution A smaller evolutionary change (that typically describe as changes in allele frequencies) within a species or population. Macroevolution The focus on change that occurs either at or above the level of species. Natural Selection The differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. Artificial Selection Darwin's term for the selective breeding of organisms selected for certain traits they have in order to produce offspring that have those traits. Theory A well supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world. James Hutton and Charles Lyell Scientists who proposed the Earth was millions of years old due to their geological findings. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck He proposed that by selective use or disuse of organs, organisms could acquire or lose certain traits which are then passed on to their children and future generations, eventually changing the species. Thomas Malthus He believed that war, famine, and disease limit the growth of populations. Alfred Russel Wallace A naturalist who had the same thoughts on evolutionary change as Darwin. On the Origin of Species Darwin's book published in 1859 that presented evidence and proposed a mechanism for evolution that he called natural selection. Natural Variation Difference among individuals of a species. Struggle for existence Competition among members of a species for food, living space, and other necessities of life. Fitness The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment. Adaptation Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival. Survival of the fittest Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully (a.k.a. natural selection). Descent with modification Principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. Common Descent Principle that all living things have a common ancestor. Homologous structure Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues. Vestigial Organs/Structures Organ that serves no useful function in organism, organ so reduced in size, it does not serve an important function; may be homologous