Evolution Latest 2023 100% Pass

Evolution Latest 2023 100% Pass artificial selection Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms natural selection Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully evolution Change in an organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. Charles Darwin English naturalist and scientist whose theory of evolution through natural selection was first published in 'On The Origin of the Species" in 1859 after a trip around the world on the HMS Beagle. derived trait New feature that had not appeared in common ancestors ancestral trait more-primitive characteristic that appeared in common ancestors homologous structure Body parts that are structurally similar in related species vestigial structure remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species analogous structure Body parts that share a common function, but not structure comparative embryology Among different species, there are similarities in embryo appearance and anatomy. This concept supports the theory of evolution. biogeography Geographic distribution of species meaning animals are closer together geographically are more alike than those separated comparative biochemistry DNA is similar in species that share a common ancestor fitness Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment camouflage A structural adaptation that enables an organism to blend in with its environment adaptation A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment mimicry Gaining protection by looking and acting like a different species genetic drift Changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance founder effect Genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area bottleneck Genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population. stabilizing selection Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes. directional selection Natural selection that favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range. disruptive selection Natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do individuals with intermediate phenotypes. sexual selection Mode of natural selection in which some individuals out reproduce other because they are better at securing mates speciation Evolutionary process in which new species arise.