Final Exam//Nutrition questions and answers well illustrated.

Final Exam//Nutrition questions and answers well illustrated. Abdominal Fat - correct fat; excess fat surrounding the organs in the stomach Absorption - correct ss by which nutrient molecules are absorbed by the GI tract and enter the bloodstream Active Metabolic Rate (AMR) - correct amount of calories burnt by the human body in a single day--24 hours Adipose Tissue - correct of fat storing cells Aerobic Respiration - correct res oxygen AMDR - correct answers.Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range: a range of intakes for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients. Amenorrhea - correct ce of 3 or more consecutive menstrual cycles; absence of menses in females Amino Acids - correct ing block for proteins, containing a central carbon atom, amino group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH) and a side group Anabolism - correct ays that use small, simple compounds to build larger, more complex compounds Anaerobic Respiration - correct not require the use of oxygen Antioxidants - correct und that stops the damaging effects of reactive substances seeking an electron; prevents the breakdown of substances in food or the body, particularly lipids; is able to donate electrons to electron-seeking compounds, which helps prevent the breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids and other cell components of oxidizing agents Appetite - correct rily psychological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food, often in the absence of obvious hunger ATP - correct cal that supplies energy for many cellular processes and reactions Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - correct of energy use (kcal/min...) by the body when at rest, fasting, and awake in a warm quiet environment Bran Layers - correct layer of grains, such as wheat; rich source of dietary fiber Bulimia - correct g disorder in which large quantities of food are eaten on a single occasion and counteracted by purging food from the body, fasting, and/or excessive exercise Calcium - correct mineral component of bones and teeth; aids in nerve impulse transmission, blood clotting, muscle contractions, and other cells functions milk, milk products, leafy vegetables, and tofu Calories - correct of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body; kilocalories Cancer - correct tion characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal body cells Carbohydrates - correct und containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; mostly are known as sugars, starches and fibers 4 kcal/gram Catabolism - correct ays that break down large compounds into smaller ones; energy is usually released Colon - correct large intestine functions in water absorption and formation of feces; first, coiled part of large intestine Condensation - correct to liquid Connective Tissue - correct and their protein products that hold different structures in the body together; composes tendons, cartilage; also forms parts of bones and the nonmuscular structures of arteries and veins Dehydrated - correct state in which a large amount of water has been lost or removed from the body or from food Diabetes - correct se characterized by high blood glucose, resulting in either insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas of the general inability of insulin to act on certain body cells Dietary Fibers - correct in foods; naturally occurring Direct Calorimetry - correct d of determining a body's energy use by measuring heat that is released from the body, usually using an insulated chamber Disaccharide - correct of sugars formed by the chemical bonding of two monosaccharides Discretionary Energy (DTP) - correct t of energy theoretically allowed in a diet after a person has met overall nutrition needs; generally small amount of energy gives individuals flexibility to consume some foods and beverages that contain alcohol, sugars, or added fat Discretionary KCalories - correct calories remaining in a person's energy allowance after consuming enough nutrient-dense foods to meet all nutrient needs for a day Double Labeled Water - correct mes water with isotopes, measures how much is expelled through the body due to oxygen and PA (measures TEE) EAR - correct answers.Estimated Average Requirements- average amount sufficient for half of population EER - correct answers.Estimated energy requirement - average dietary energy intake to maintain energy balance Empty Calorie - correct that tend to be high in sugar and/or fat and low in other nutrients; the calories are "empty" of nutrients Endosperm - correct h interior of a cereal grain Energy - correct capacity to do work Energy Nutrients - correct hydrates, fats, proteins Enzymes - correct und that speeds the rate of chemical process but is not altered by the process; almost all are proteins (some are made of nucleic acids) Epithelial Tissue - correct ce cells that line the outside of the body and all passageways within it Equilbrium - correct answers.a state in which a nutrient intake equals nutrient loss; the body maintains a stable condition Essential Nutrients - correct answers.a substance that, when left out of a diet, leads to poor health; the body either can't produce this nutrient or can't produce enough to meet its needs; if