Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (Exam 1) Graded A+(100% Verified)

Progressive lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation Will have an exacerbation continuously Another form of an obstructive respiratory disorder Client will be unable to exhale all of the air they are taking in -Alveoli sacs become hyperinflated Not reversible - What is COPD? *Cigarette smoking* (COPD should be considered in any person who is over 40 with a smoking history of 10 or more packs per year) Infection Asthma Air pollution Occupational chemical and dusts Aging (lose elasticity of alveoli) Geneticsa1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) - What are risk factors for COPD? a1 protease inhibitor Severe deficiency can lead to premature bullous emphysema (leads to spontaneous pneumothorax) The inhibitor protects the lungs against free radicals - What is a1 antitrypsin (AAT)? What can it lead to? COPD symptoms by age 40 with no hx of smoking Family history of COPD and/or liver disease Chronic liver disease as a child or adult w/ elevated enzymes Northern European descent - What are risk factors for a1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency? IV administered AAT (i.e. Prolastin C) -Replacement for the deficient protein - What is the treatment for a1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency? Easily fatigued; activity intolerance Frequent respiratory infections Use of accessory muscles to breathe (diaphragm flattens - because lungs are expanded) OrthopneicCor pulmonale (late in disease) Thin in appearance Wheezing Pursed-lip breathing Chronic cough Barrel chest Dyspnea (will progress - could have SOB even at rest) Prolonged expiratory time -1:3, 1:4 (normal = 1:2) Bronchitis (increased sputum) Digital clubbing Tripod position (refuse to lay down) Could be pink or blue -Pink puffer: polycythemia (body is trying to compensate for lack of oxygen by making more RBCs -Blue bloater: hypoxic Lose weight -Work of breathing is taking up large quantity of energy sources-Not easy to eat - What are signs and symptoms of COPD?