Medicine GLP-1 Exam 2023

Medicine GLP-1 Exam 2023 What is Glucagon-like peptide-1 ? - ANS-An incretin derived from the transcription product of the proglucagon gene. A gut hormone = an incretin. An antihyperglycemic peptide that is glucose-dependent in action. How is GLP-1 glucose-dependent ? - ANS-Released from L-cells in the intestine in blood stimulated by secretagogues, food containing carbohydrate, protein, lipid. The biologically active forms of GLP-1 are: - ANS-GLP-1-(7-37) and GLP-1-(7-36)NH2. Those peptides result from selective cleavage of the proglucagon molecule. Why does GLP-1 agonist have a short half-life ? - ANS-Once in the circulation, GLP-1 has a half-life of less than 2 minutes, due to rapid degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4. How is GLP-1 antihyperglycemic ? - ANS-Induces glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon secretion. So when plasma glucose concentration is in the normal fasting range, GLP-1 no longer stimulates insulin to cause hypoglycemia. How does it help in the feeling of satiety ? - ANS-Slows gastric emptying decreases motility, delays carbohydrate absorption. GLP-1 appears to restore the glucose sensitivity of pancreatic β-cells how ? - ANSPossibly involving the increased expression of GLUT2 and glucokinase. Second messenger activated in GLP-1 stimulated beta cells - ANS-cAMP system How does beta cell release insulin stimulated by GLP-1 hormones ? - ANS-Increase cytoplasmic calcium levels via calcium induced calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum calcium store.