Care & Prevention of Athletic Injuries: Final Exam Study Guide questions and answers graded A+.

Care & Prevention of Athletic Injuries: Final Exam Study Guide questions and answers graded A+. Four Bones of the Knee: - correct answers.Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella. Four Ligaments of the Knee: - correct answers.Anterior Cruciate (ACL), Posterior Cruciate (PCL), Medial Collateral (MCL), Lateral Collateral (LCL) Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): - correct answers.Main stabilizing ligament of the knee (90%). Prevents anterior translation of the tibia and excessive rotation of the knee. A very common, debilitating injury. ACL Mechanism of Injury: - correct answers.Foot on the ground, Femur is externally rotated and knee is in valgus position. Most ACL tears are non contact injuries. Can occur with hyperextension. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): - correct answers.Prevents posterior translation of the tibia. Caused by a fall on a bent knee. Less common injury. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): - correct answers.Prevents valgus force (outside blow to the knee). Supports side to side movements. Very common in football and soccer. Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): - correct answers.Prevents varus blow (inside blow to the knee). A very rare injury. Meniscus Anatomy: - correct answers.Fibrocartilage disc - "shock absorbers". Rests on tibial plateau (top of tibia). Allows femur to glide when bending. Both meniscus play a role in stability. Muscles surrounding the knee: - correct answers.Quadriceps - Knee Extension // Hamstrings - Knee Flexion // Adductors - Groin. Patellar Tendon: - correct answers.Connects Quad to Patella to Tibia. Joint Capsule (Synovial membrane): - correct answers.Sac that surrounds the knee. Bursae: - correct answers.Part of joint capsule that contains and produces fluid. Prevention of Knee Injuries: - correct answers.Total Body Conditioning - Strength, Flexibility, Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Agility, Speed, Balance. Proper Footwear. Knee braces used in certain situations. Assessing the Knee: - correct answers.HOPS: History - What happened? What did you feel? Did you hear a pop or feel a crunch? Pop = ACL Tear. // Crunch = Meniscus Tear. // Swelling? Immediate = ACL or Fracture // Delayed = Meniscus. Knee Injury Observation: - correct answers.Visual Examination. Swelling. Discoloration. Deformity. Limping? Do a functional exam - walking, stairs, duck walk. Knee Palpation & Stress: - correct answers.Feel all surrounding structures of the knee to determine what may be injured. Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain: - correct answers.Usually caused by a lateral blow (valgus) but can be caused by knee rotation with a fixed foot. Commonly associated with a medial meniscus tear. Signs are laxity, swelling, and pain. Immobilization for 2-4 weeks, crutches. Do not need to go to emergency room. Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain: - correct answers.Caused by a medial blow (varus force). Very rare and signs and care are the same as MCL sprain. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: - correct answers.Cause - Foot on the ground, Femur is externally rotated and knee is in valgus position. Most ACL tears are non contact injuries. Can occur with hyperextension. ACL Tear: Signs of Injury - correct answers.Audible "Pop". Feels like knee is coming apart. Immediate and Extreme swelling. Pain. Knee will feel loose. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: - correct answers.Caused by rotational force or hyperflexion from falling on bent knee. Signs are pain, "pop", laxity, swelling. Usually non-surgical situation. Meniscus Injuries: - correct answers.Cause - weight bearing with rotational force or repetitive squatting. Signs - Delayed swelling, pain in joint line, loss of motion, popping, clicking, or locking. Medial Meniscus: - correct answers.Larger and shaped like a C. More commonly injured. MCL is sometimes injured with MCL sprain, MCL is connected to Medial Meniscus. Lateral Meniscus: - correct answers.Smaller and shaped like an "O". Less common injury.