Information System Analysis and Design study guide questions and answers 2023.

Information System An organized collection of people, information technology, information resources, and all coordinated activities to achieve certain objectives in the business organization. Information Systems Analysis and Design The process of completing an information system development project. Information System Development Covers a wide range of technical areas including business process modeling, data modeling and database design, networking design, computer programming, and computer hardware and operating systems. Success Factors Top management support, user involvement, alignment of the business strategy and the project strategy, effective project management, organizational collaboration, etc. Systems Analyst A person who is responsible for the development of an information system. Skill Set of a System Analyst Must understand the three aspects of information systems development: The business, information technology, and the people. Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) A conceptual model of the phases an information system goes through. Deliverable A product from one of the five phases of SDLC that is used as the input to the successor phase. Planning Phase The process of preliminary investigation to understand why a new information system should be created for the organization. Analysis Phase The first stage of the full-scale information system development project to investigate what the new information system will do. As-Is System The current information system. To-Be System The new information system that meets the system requirements. Design Phase Determines how the To-Be system will be created and how it will operate in terms of hardware, software, networking, system personnel, and operational procedures. System Specifications Deliverable of the design phase. Implementation Phase Builds the new information system based on the system specifications provided by the design phase. Maintenance Phase Improves the new information system. Project Sponsor A person who holds the top position in the organization. Project Scope Defines the range of system requirements of the organization for the new information system. Scope Creep Happens when new components are added to the project after the scope has been defined. Project Scale The estimated budget, time duration, and the manpower that will be involved in the project. Risk of Failure The new information system fails to deliver on time as planned and significant negative consequences occur. System Standards Using the consistent formats and terminologies for documentation. Off-The-Shelf Software Packages A simple to use software that is ready-made and available for sale, lease, or license to the general public. (For small to medium sized business organizations) Software as a Service (SaaS) Information process services through the internet that allow business organizations to use the provided services without having their own information systems. Cloud Computing Technology that provides computation, software, data access, and storage services on the internet without requirement for the end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system of the services providers. Information Systems Development Strategy A plan of action designed to allow the organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities of information system development. Systems Acquisition The first strategy of information systems development for an ordinary business organization. The organization uses commercial business applications software products for its new information system. Open Source Free to use but has no liability. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) System Integrates internal and external management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, inventory management, CRM, etc. Systems Construction A strategy that is only applicable to organizations with very unique requirements. Software providers and information technology pioneers must adopt this system development strategy because no commercialized software products are available on the market that can meet their requirements. Outsourcing Contracting out the systems development jobs to an external service provider(s). Request for Proposal (RFP) Used by large organizations to initiate an information systems development project through outsourcing to search for the best service provider for the systems development project. Request for Information (RFI) A short and less detailed request for proposal used for smaller projects with smaller budgets. Request for Quote (RFQ) When a request is so complete that the vendor needs only provide a price. Waterfall Approach The traditional approach to constructing a new information system that follows the classical SDLC model. Each phase of the development process produces a clear and detailed documentation for the next phase. Parallel Approach Divides the system construction project into several sub projects that can be analyzed, designed, and implemented in parallel. Rapid Application Development (RAD) Approach A type of systems construction that uses minimal planning, analysis, and design in favor of rapid construction prototyping. System Prototype A model product that represents main features of the target system, but is not an operational system.