Summary Research methods
Inhoud
Lectures ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Slides lecture 1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Slides lecture 2 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Slides lecture 3 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Slides lecture 4 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Slides lecture 5 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Week 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Slides Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
Paper 1: Strategies for Theorizing from Process Data .......................................................................................................... 19
Paper 2: Building theories from case study research ........................................................................................................... 24
Week 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Slides Linear regression ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Paper 1: Trust violations in buyer–supplier relationships .................................................................................................... 27
Paper 2: Cascading Sustainability in Multi-tier Supply Chains .............................................................................................. 32
Week 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Slides 1: Experiments: brief introduction ............................................................................................................................. 36
Slides 2: Stated Preference (or Conjoint) Experiments ........................................................................................................ 39
Slides 3: Stated Preference Experiment: a Research Example.............................................................................................. 42
Paper 1: The impact of green labels on time slot choice and operational sustainability ..................................................... 43
Paper 2: Consumer preferences for parcel delivery methods .............................................................................................. 47
Slides: Secondary data and Archival Research ..................................................................................................................... 50
Paper 1: Secondary Data Analysis: A Method of which the Time Has Come. ...................................................................... 52
Paper 2: Archival Research Methods.................................................................................................................................... 54
Week 4 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Slides Survey methods ......................................................................................................................................................... 57
Bookchapter 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Bookchapter 3 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Week 5 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Slides Case study .................................................................................................................................................................. 64
Paper 1: Reasoning in Organization Science ........................................................................................................................ 69
Paper 2: Renaissance of case research as a scientific method ............................................................................................. 70
Paper 3: Qualitative case studies in operations management ............................................................................................. 72
Slides Qualitative data collection and analysis ..................................................................................................................... 74
Paper 1: Providing person-centered care; qualitative .......................................................................................................... 82
Paper 2: Coding qualitative data; novice guide .................................................................................................................... 83
,Lectures
Slides lecture 1
What is theory?
A causal explanation of WHY things happen
Forms of reasoning
Induction; confirm (new theory or extending existing literature)
Deduction; predict
The transition from descriptive theory to normative theory
,Slides lecture 2
What is theory?
A causal explanation of WHY things happen.
Why is theory important?
Can theories be wrong?!?
Induction Deduction
Transition from descriptive to normative theory
Bringing Scientific Process to Management
Scientific management refers to the application of science in all the components of management. It consists of
methods, procedures, scientific tools to increase the output of the organization.
(1) Science, not tile of thumb, (2) Harmony, not discord, (3) Cooperation not individualism (4) Development og
workers to their efficiency and prosperity.
‘’If you cant measure it, you cant improve it.’’
Construct
Construct = a theoretical concept based on empirical evidence.
> Can you observe a construct?
> How can you measure a construct?
Constructs are broad concepts or topics for a study. Constructs can be conceptually defined in that they have
meaning in theoretical terms. They can be abstract and do not necessarily need to be directly observable.
Examples of constructs include intelligence or life satisfaction.
Variables are created by developing the construct into a measurable form. Variables, by definition, correspond
to any characteristic that varies (meaning they have at least two possible values). Examples of variables include
height in inches, scores on a depression inventory, and ages of employees.
Operational definitions specifically identify how the variables are measured for the purposes of the research. An
operational definition should identify how the variable is calculated or recorded as a numeric value.
, Theory and Hypotheses Variables
What is your hypothesized relationship? How do you measure constructs?
Research Design and Data Collection
How will you conduct this research?
What are potential failure points in your research?
> Are you measuring what you think you are measuring?!?
> For simplicity of explanation, let’s focus on Hypotheses 1 and 2
Internal Validity: refers to the extent to which a study or experiment accurately and confidently measures or
establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent variable (the factor being manipulated)
and the dependent variable. (randomization, extraneous variables, replication)
> Given that there is a relationship, is the relationship a causal one? Speaks to the validity of the research itself!
Selection bias, alternative explanations can threaten internal validity.
Construct Validity: refers to the extent to which a measurement or assessment tool accurately and effectively
measures the underlying theoretical construct or concept it is intended to represent.
> How well did you translate your construct into a functioning and operating reality (i.e., the operationalization
of your construct)
External Validity: deals with the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized or applied to settings,
populations, times, and situations beyond the specific conditions under which the research was
conducted.(replication, selection bias, experimental effects)
> If causal relationship exist, how generalizable is this relationship?
Inhoud
Lectures ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Slides lecture 1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Slides lecture 2 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Slides lecture 3 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Slides lecture 4 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Slides lecture 5 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Week 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Slides Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
Paper 1: Strategies for Theorizing from Process Data .......................................................................................................... 19
Paper 2: Building theories from case study research ........................................................................................................... 24
Week 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Slides Linear regression ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Paper 1: Trust violations in buyer–supplier relationships .................................................................................................... 27
Paper 2: Cascading Sustainability in Multi-tier Supply Chains .............................................................................................. 32
Week 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Slides 1: Experiments: brief introduction ............................................................................................................................. 36
Slides 2: Stated Preference (or Conjoint) Experiments ........................................................................................................ 39
Slides 3: Stated Preference Experiment: a Research Example.............................................................................................. 42
Paper 1: The impact of green labels on time slot choice and operational sustainability ..................................................... 43
Paper 2: Consumer preferences for parcel delivery methods .............................................................................................. 47
Slides: Secondary data and Archival Research ..................................................................................................................... 50
Paper 1: Secondary Data Analysis: A Method of which the Time Has Come. ...................................................................... 52
Paper 2: Archival Research Methods.................................................................................................................................... 54
Week 4 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Slides Survey methods ......................................................................................................................................................... 57
Bookchapter 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Bookchapter 3 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Week 5 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Slides Case study .................................................................................................................................................................. 64
Paper 1: Reasoning in Organization Science ........................................................................................................................ 69
Paper 2: Renaissance of case research as a scientific method ............................................................................................. 70
Paper 3: Qualitative case studies in operations management ............................................................................................. 72
Slides Qualitative data collection and analysis ..................................................................................................................... 74
Paper 1: Providing person-centered care; qualitative .......................................................................................................... 82
Paper 2: Coding qualitative data; novice guide .................................................................................................................... 83
,Lectures
Slides lecture 1
What is theory?
A causal explanation of WHY things happen
Forms of reasoning
Induction; confirm (new theory or extending existing literature)
Deduction; predict
The transition from descriptive theory to normative theory
,Slides lecture 2
What is theory?
A causal explanation of WHY things happen.
Why is theory important?
Can theories be wrong?!?
Induction Deduction
Transition from descriptive to normative theory
Bringing Scientific Process to Management
Scientific management refers to the application of science in all the components of management. It consists of
methods, procedures, scientific tools to increase the output of the organization.
(1) Science, not tile of thumb, (2) Harmony, not discord, (3) Cooperation not individualism (4) Development og
workers to their efficiency and prosperity.
‘’If you cant measure it, you cant improve it.’’
Construct
Construct = a theoretical concept based on empirical evidence.
> Can you observe a construct?
> How can you measure a construct?
Constructs are broad concepts or topics for a study. Constructs can be conceptually defined in that they have
meaning in theoretical terms. They can be abstract and do not necessarily need to be directly observable.
Examples of constructs include intelligence or life satisfaction.
Variables are created by developing the construct into a measurable form. Variables, by definition, correspond
to any characteristic that varies (meaning they have at least two possible values). Examples of variables include
height in inches, scores on a depression inventory, and ages of employees.
Operational definitions specifically identify how the variables are measured for the purposes of the research. An
operational definition should identify how the variable is calculated or recorded as a numeric value.
, Theory and Hypotheses Variables
What is your hypothesized relationship? How do you measure constructs?
Research Design and Data Collection
How will you conduct this research?
What are potential failure points in your research?
> Are you measuring what you think you are measuring?!?
> For simplicity of explanation, let’s focus on Hypotheses 1 and 2
Internal Validity: refers to the extent to which a study or experiment accurately and confidently measures or
establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent variable (the factor being manipulated)
and the dependent variable. (randomization, extraneous variables, replication)
> Given that there is a relationship, is the relationship a causal one? Speaks to the validity of the research itself!
Selection bias, alternative explanations can threaten internal validity.
Construct Validity: refers to the extent to which a measurement or assessment tool accurately and effectively
measures the underlying theoretical construct or concept it is intended to represent.
> How well did you translate your construct into a functioning and operating reality (i.e., the operationalization
of your construct)
External Validity: deals with the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized or applied to settings,
populations, times, and situations beyond the specific conditions under which the research was
conducted.(replication, selection bias, experimental effects)
> If causal relationship exist, how generalizable is this relationship?
