AZ093-Early Childhood Professional Knowledge Exam | 2023/24 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION

AZ093-Early Childhood Professional Knowledge Exam | 2023/24 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION Which of these is NOT one of the major personality structures proposed by Sigmund Freud in his psychoanalytic theory of development? a. Id b. Ego c. Libido d. Superego - c. Libido Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development, which ones occur during infancy and early childhood through elementary ages? - Oral stage is associated with infancy What psychosocial stages did Erik Erikson say in his developmental theory are all experienced by children from birth through the elementary school years? - Basic Trust vs. Mistrust -infancy Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt- toddlerhood Initiative vs. Guilty- young adulthood Industry vs. Inferiority- middle Among the following stages designated by Erikson in this theory of psychosocial development, which are most associated with the life of adolescence? - Identity vs. Role Confusion and Intimacy vs. Isolation What is a principle wherein Albert Bandura's theory agrees with behaviorist learning theory? - Consequences reinforce or punish behaviors What mode of representation did Jerome Bruner describe as emerging the earliest in child cognitive development? - Enactive representation What did John Dewey believe education should ideally be? - Child-centered and Curriculum -Centered Jean Piaget described which of his cognitive developmental stages as including characteristics of ecocentrism, intuitive thinking, centration, animism, and magical thinking? - Preoperational What learning process produces the result of reconstructing or repositioning a belief system or value system? - Creating cognitive dissonance with an existing position What student acquired skill is most common during early childhood education? - Learning by playing What means thinking and learning about one's own thought and learning processes? - Metacognition What term refers to the process of training a reflexive response to occur upon receiving an originally unrelated stimulus? - Classical conditioning When children construct meaning, they address new information that does not fit into their existing concepts or schemes by either forming a new scheme or changing an existing one. What is this process called? - Accommodation When children play, they learn and develop concepts through interacting with the environment. What kinds of concepts do they learn through their senses? - Physical concepts To encourage creativity and imagination, which of these activities is more appropriate for children in upper elementary grades than younger children? - Writing Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development, which ones occur during adolescence? - The genital stage Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development, which ones occur during elementary school ages? - The latency stage Among the developmental stages Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development, which ones occur during preschool ages? The Latency stage is associated with elementary school ages, and the Genital stage is associated with adolescence. - The phallic stage Among the developmental stages, Freud identified in his theory of psychosexual development, which ones occur during toddlerhood? - The anal stage 16. In acquiring and integrating new knowledge, what is a key difference of younger children as opposed to high school students? - Fewer schemata, assimilations and accommodations What reflects a general principle for teachers to apply in responding to student diversity in their classroom? - Ask students more open-ended questions. To address diversity among students within classrooms, which of these is a recommended teacher practice? - Varying instructional methods for different student learning styles What is one valid guideline for teachers to avoid problems with classroom diversity? - Avoid using idioms; translate or explain any they do use. What category of cognitive disabilities most consistently includes the characteristics of a marked gap between intellectual ability and school performance? - Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) What auditory disability does not involve any part of the hearing mechanism? - Central auditory processing disorder Legal blindness is defined as which of the following visual acuity measures on an eye test? - 20/200 What is a common symptom of spina bifida? - Lower-body paresis spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don't form properly Among speech/language disorders, which category most often includes remediation via surgical procedures? - Voice disorders Which of the following is a characteristic of K-12 ELL students at the Beginning proficiency level in Listening, according to the Texas ELPS descriptors? - Observing others for cues, but not requesting clarifications Of the following, which represents a Texas ELPS descriptor for ELL K-12 students at the Intermediate proficiency level in Speaking? - Speaking in simple sentences with mostly present tenses