PHLT 304 TEST 3 - Cizmas Questions With Verified Answers

kidneys - Answer -maintain body fluids and salt levels -excretion of wastes and foreign particles - hormone synthesis renin - Answer angiotensin system- controls water and salt reabsorption by kidneys - regulates blood pressure Erythropoietin - Answer produced by kidneys in response to tissue hypoxia - stimulates production of blood cells hypoxia - Answer oxygen deficiency nephron - Answer unit of filtration in the kidney - avg # per kidney : 900,000- 1 mil - range is between 200,000- 2.5 mil urine formation includes what processes ? - Answer - ultrafiltration of blood by glomerulus - reabsorption of water and solutes from the ultrafiltrate - secretion of selected solutes into the tubular fluid renal tubules function - Answer -regulate volume and composition of urine & blood via active and passive processes -convert filtrate to urine - regulate the net concentration of major cations and anions - conserve and maintain optimal concentrations of other essential molecules - maintain acid-base balance uremia - Answer accumulation of toxic constituents in the blood ; usually occurs with severe kidney disease stage 1 kidney disease - Answer below normal to mild loss of kidney function stage 2 kidney disease - Answer mild to moderate lose of kidney function stage 3 kidney disease - Answer moderate to severe loss of kidney function stage 4 kidney disease - Answer severe loss of kidney function stage 5 kidney disease - Answer kidney failure // dialysis END STAGE RENAL DISEASE risk factors of kidney disease - Answer diabetes, high blood pressure, 60+ years old, overuse of pain meds / alcohol , street drugs systolic pressure - Answer top number // pressure through arteries when heart contracts diastolic pressure - Answer bottom number // pressure through arteries between contractions normal blood pressure - Answer 120/80 Hypertensive blood pressure - Answer 140/90 kidneys filter ____________ - Answer half cup of blood every minute , removing wastes and extra water to make urine How to avoid kidney stones - Answer - hydrate - pair oxalate-rich and calcium - rich food - reduce sodium - prevent uric acid stones: limit red meat, shellfish, alcohol, sugar Infertility - Answer not be able to get pregnant, or not being able to stay pregnant risk of infertility in men or women increased by - Answer excess alcohol use , age, smoking older fathers have several issues : - Answer higher sperm mutation rate , increased risk of schizophrenia , increased risk of bipolar disorder gestation period - Answer 40 weeks begin at first day of last period end at the birth trimesters - Answer 1-12 weeks 13-28 weeks 29-40 weeks prenatal - Answer occurring , existing, or preformed prior to birth - care is essential prenatal health - Answer - vitamins : folic acid , iron - good healthy diet with variety susceptibility to chemical exposure - Answer - timing affects outcome - embryonic period ; fetal loss or birth defects ToRCHH infections - Answer transmissible to particularly harmful to fetus