PHLT 304 Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers

The Epidemiological Triad - Answer People, environment, and other species One Health - Answer the health of people is connected to the health of what is around us ecosystem services - Answer functions of the natural systems that give humans resources for free ecosystem services examples - Answer Trees, vultures, bees, sea otters, etc... Pollution can be natural of ___________________. - Answer anthropogenic Anthropogenic - Answer caused by humans Euthrophication - Answer water gets a lot of nutrients --> overgrowth of algae --> algae die and decompose taking away oxygen --> lack of O2 kills aquatic animals human enhanced greenhouse effect - Answer less heat escapes into space, more re-emitted heat Reintroduction of wolves - Answer improved ecosystem Routes of exposure to toxins - Answer Inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact How does a chemical move through the body? - Answer 1) Absorption 2) Distribution 3) Metabolism 4) Excretion target organs - Answer site where the major toxicity occurs following exposure to that compound Aflotoxin B1 - Answer One of the highest levels of carcinogenicity of any natural toxin (liver) Environmental Risk Assessment - Answer Concentration x Exposure x Toxicity = Risk How are dietary supplements regulated? - Answer Once a supplement is marketed, the FDA must prove it unsafe before the product will be removed from the market. environmental health - Answer addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviors Top 10 causes of death from the environment - Answer 1) Stroke 2) Heart disease 3) Unintentional injuries 4) Cancer 5) Respiratory Diseases 6) Diarrhoel Diseases 7) Respiratory Infections 8) Neonatal Conditions 9) Malaria 10) Intentional Injuries Clean Air Act - Answer Set emission standards for 6 common air pollutants 6 common air pollutants - Answer Particular Matter Ground-level Ozone Carbon Monoxide Lead Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Particular Matter (PM) - Answer premature death, asthma, heart issues, respiratory issues Lead - Answer issues with behavior, children, births ground level ozone - Answer respiratory issues CO - Answer chest pain SO2 and NO2 - Answer respiratory issues protein production - Answer Gene --transcription--> mRNA --translation--> protein RNA is made of - Answer nucleotide bases each codon codes for a specific - Answer amino acid chromosomal mutation - Answer A change in the structure of a chromosome gene mutation - Answer a change in the base sequence of a gene Types of mutations - Answer insertion, deletion, substitution Genetic disorders are caused by - Answer DNA mutations or changes in one or more genes sickle cell anemia - Answer a genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape