CHLH 304 - Exam 1 Questions & Answers Latest Updated

Goal Setting - SUBJECTIVE - Answer Not related to specific performance ex. "My goal is to do better at...", "My goal is to try..." Goal Setting - OBJECTIVE - Answer Defined by performance measurable ex. "My goal is to do ____ 5 times/week", "My goal id to increase ___ by ____" Process goals - Answer How you will reach goal What steps are you going to take? Performance goals - Answer Measurable change How will you know your steps have worked? Outcomes - Answer Health benefits What is your reason for your goal/change? Goals of Behavioral Interventions (Short-term) - Answer Knowledge Attitudes Self-efficacy Beliefs Skills Goals of Behavioral Interventions (Medium-term) - Answer Actions Behaviors Goals of Behavioral Interventions (Long-term) - Answer Body weight Biochemical indices Health outcomes Cost savings Quality of life SMART Goals - Answer Specific, Measurable, Attainable/Achievable, Relevant, Timely Health Behavior - Answer Behavior related to health may have health motives, but may also be related to other goals, socioeconomic circumstances, cultural interpretations, environmental conditions, or public policies and regulations May also be influenced or motivated by differing conceptions of what is "healthy" Ecological Model and Behavior Theory - Answer Political/Economic/Structural -> Cultural/Societal -> Community/Population Groups -> Family/Social Group -> INDIVIDUAL Individual Factors - Answer Awareness Knowledge Biophysical characteristics: - genetics - body structure and function Personal Attitudes and Motivations Developmental stage Behavior/habit socialization (from parents, family members) Social/Cultural/Group Factors - Answer Social/peer group lifestyle patterns Cultural attitudes, beliefs, practices (and implications for health) Level of social support Social influence via groups and social networks Socioeconomic and Structural Factors - Answer Poverty/socioeconomic status Education Access to health care and prevention services/information Social stressors such as civil strife, neighborhood violence, racial and other discrimination Access to clean water Political Factors - Answer Policies and funding for health promotion programs - broad programs that support healthy communities - recreation (park districts) - food access Health insurance (policies, cost availability) Regulations that affects health risk (ex. minimum drinking age) Environmental Factors - Answer Presence of environmental risks - air or water pollution Disasters Conditions for spread of infectious disease Climate change Health - Answer A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Stress or Material Disadvantage - Answer Stress: experience or racism, classism, discrimination associated with poor health outcomes, and influences health behavior AND impact of health behaviors Maternal Disadvantages: crowding, poor nutrition, lack of access to space for physical activity, exposure to environmental hazards, etc. Social Determinants of Health Behaviors: A "Health Lifestyles" Approach - Answer "Healthy lifestyle approach views behaviors as occurring in sets and influencing each other, developing from deeply rooted identities arising from membership in social groups, Thus, health lifestyles are enacted at the individual level but are shaped by meso and macro levels" Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) - Answer Neighborhood and Built Environment Health and Health Care Social and Community Context Education Economic Stability Critical Approaches to Health Behavior - Answer Way to understand many factors that contribute to current moment-our ideologies, norms, values, etc. Seeking "to liberate humans beings from the circumstances that enslave them" Normal - Answer hard to define, based on what it ISN'T Risk - Answer Useful statistical term to identify who could become sick Medicalization - Answer Trend towards medicine becoming relevant in areas where it wasn't before Other - Answer Category of person we exclude/don't want to become. A way of social classification 19th and early 20th centuries - Answer Health awareness Exercise importance Doctors used in advertising strategies to promote consumerism in helath industry 1970s - Answer "Privatized market solutions to public problems" Growing environmental concerns (safety hazards) - smoking 1970s: New Health Consciousness - Answer Simplified cause and effect (ignoring social determinant of health) - smoke=cancer; exercise=avoid heart disease - allowed for corporate and political regimes to downsize regulatory strategies Health as a super-value - Answer Holism: well-being = mind, body, spirit Healthism/moralism: to be healthy is to be moral Balance between discipline and pleasure Early 21st Century - Answer RISK CONTROL ANXIETY Theory - Answer Conceptual map, derived from evidence, to help us understand how various influences on behavior are related to behavior/taking action The influences are determinants of behavior and potential mediating variables of behavior change Why do we need theory? - Answer Set of inter-related concepts that presents a systemic view of phenomena by specifying relations among concepts/variables in order to explain and predict phenomena