Test Bank For Concepts of Genetics 2nd Edition Brooker

Chapter 03 Mendelian Inheritance Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. The theory of pangenesis was first proposed by ________. A. Aristotle B. Galen C. Mendel D. Hippocrates E. None of these choices are correct 2. Which of the following is correct regarding the blending theory of inheritance? A. It believed that hereditary traits blended from one generation to the next B. It was possible for the blending to change the trait from one generation to the next C. It was supported by early research by Joseph Kölreuter D. It was the prevailing theory of inheritance prior to Mendel E. All of these choices are correct 3. Mendel's work was rediscovered in 1900 by which of the following individual(s)? A. Carl Correns B. Erich von Tschermak C. Hugh de Vries D. All of these choices are correct 4. Mendel's work on inheritance had an immediate influence on the scientific community and theories of inheritance. True False 5. Which of the following characteristics made the pea plant Pisum sativum an ideal organism for Mendel's studies? A. It has the ability to self-fertilize B. It was easy to cross-fertilize one plant with another C. It has easily identifiable traits D. All of these choices are correct 6. The stamen represents the _____ portion of the plant, while the ovules represent the ____ portion of the plant. A. female ; male B. male ; female C. female ; female D. male ; male 7. Differences in plant flower color or plant height are called a variant of a trait. True False 8. Which of the following traits was not studied by Mendel? A. Flower color B. Seed color C. Pod color D. Pollen color E. Plant height 9. When studying a genetic cross, the second generation following the initial cross is identified by which of the following? A. P generation B. F1 generation C. F2 generation D. F3 generation E. P3 generation 10. A true breeding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod plants. All of their offspring have green pods. From this information, it can be stated that the green color is _____ to the yellow color. A. recessive B. dominant C. subservient D. blended E. None of these choices are correct 11. Mendel's work with monohybrid crosses provided proof of which of the following? A. Blending theory of inheritance B. Particulate theory of inheritance C. Chromosomal theory of inheritance D. Pangenesis E. None of these choices are correct 12. Mendel's work with single-factor crosses resulted in the development of which of the following? A. Law of segregation B. Law of independent assortment C. Theory of natural selection D. Law of biological evolution E. All of these choices are correct 13. When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the phenotypic ratio of their offspring? A. 1:2:1 B. 9:3:3:1 C. 3:1 D. 7:4 E. Varied depending on the trait 14. When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the genotypic ratio of their offspring? A. 1:2:1 B. 9:3:3:1 C. 3:1 D. 1:1 E. Varied depending on the trait 15. An individual who has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be ___________. A. homozygous B. heterozygous C. isozygous D. a variant 16. The genetic composition of an individual is called its _____________. A. phenotype B. genotype C. hybrid D. dominance E. None of these choices are correct 17. The observable characteristics of an organism are called its ___________. A. phenotype B. genotype C. dominance D. genes E. None of these choices are correct 18. An individual who has two different alleles for a trait is called ____________. A. haploid B. homozygous C. heterozygous D. isozygous E. true-breeding 19. In a Punnett square diagram, the outside of the box represents the _________. A. diploid offspring B. haploid offspring C. diploid gametes D. haploid gametes 20. Mendel's work with two-factor (dihybrid) crosses led directly to which of the following? A. Chromosomal theory of inheritance B. Particulate theory of inheritance C. Law of segregation D. Law of independent assortment E. Theory of biological evolution 21. In a dihybrid cross using Mendelian inheritance, if both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what will be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring? A. 3:1 B. 1:2:1 C. 1:1 D. 9:3:3:1 22. If a Punnett square is used to visualize a three-factor cross, how many boxes would be inside of the square? A. 3 B. 8 C. 48 D. 64 E. Can't be determined 23. In a dihybrid testcross, the individual being examined is crossed to which of the following? A. An individual who is homozygous dominant for one trait but not the other B. Self-fertilized C. An individual who is homozygous recessive for both traits D. An individual who is heterozygous for both traits 24. In humans, patterns of inheritance are often studied using which of the following? A. Dihybrid testcrosses B. Production of true-breeding lines C. Pedigree analysis D. Self-fertilization E. None of these choices are correct 25. The chance that a future event will occur is called ____________. A. probability B. goodness of fit C. degrees of freedom D. random selection E. All of these choices are correct 26. A coin is flipped 100 times, with a result of 53 heads and 47 tails. The deviation between the observed numbers and the expected 50-50 results is called _________. A. probability B. degrees of freedom C. goodness of fit D. random sampling error E. standard error 27. Which of the following would be used to determine the probability of three independent events in order? A. Sum rule B. Product rule C. Chi-square test D. Binomial expansion E. Random sampling error 28. A couple would like to know what the probability is that out of five children, three will be girls. This is solved using which of the following? A. Sum rule B. Product rule C. Chi-square test D. Binomial expansion E. Random sampling error 29. The probability that one event or another will occur is based on which of the following? A. Sum rule B. Product rule C. Chi-square test D. Binomial expansion E. Random sampling error 30. Using Mendel's flower color (purple is dominant, white is recessive), if a two heterozygous plants are crossed, what is the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers? A. 1/2 B. 1/4 C. 6/4 D. 9/16 E. 1/16 31. The Chi-square test is used to prove that a hypothesis is correct. True False 32. In a genetic cross, there are n classes of data. What would the degrees of freedom be for a chi-square test on this data? A. n B. n + 1 C. n - 1 D. 2n + 1 E. x(n) where x equals the number of individuals in the cross 33. The likelihood that the observation variation from the expected is due to random chance is called the _________. A. P value B. goodness of fit C. degrees of freedom D. empirical approach E. None of these choices are correct 34. In the biological sciences, the hypothesis is usually rejected if the P value is _____. A. greater than 1 B. less than 0.30 C. less than 0.95 D. less than 0.05 E. less than 1 35. _______ is the belief that seeds are produced by all parts of the body and transmitted to the next generation. A. Hippocrates B. Pangenesis C. Blending D. Particulate theory E. Homunculus 36. Mendel had experience in the fields of _______ and _______. A. physics ; mathematics B. english ; mathematics C. psychology ; mathematics D. biology ; mathematics E. None of these choices are correct 37. If two individuals with different distinct characteristics are mated, their offspring is called a _______. A. strain B. true-breeding line C. gamete D. cross E. hybrid 38. If over several generations a trait does not vary in a group of organisms, that group can be called a _______. A. dihybrid B. hybrid C. true-breeding line D. variant E. cross-fertilized line 39. A cross in which a research investigates the patterns of inheritance of a single trait is called a _______. A. monohybrid cross B. dihybrid cross C. two-factor cross D. cross-fertilization E. self-fertilization 40. A(an) _______ is a variation of a gene. A. trait B. character C. gamete D. allele E. variant 41. The _______ refers to the genetic composition of an individual. A. character B. genotype C. phenotype D. dominant trait E. recessive trait 42. The _______ is the observable characteristics of an individual. A. character B. genotype C. phenotype D. dominant trait E. recessive trait 43. In a genetic cross, the _______ represent offspring with genetic combinations that were not found in the parental lines. A. P generation B. non-recombinates C. parentals D. non-parentals E. None of these choices are correct 44. The study of family trees in humans is called a _______ analysis. A. pedigree B. monohybrid C. dihybrid D. statistical E. probability 45. Statistical analysis determines the _______ between observed data and what was expected from the original hypothesis. A. testcross B. degrees of freedom C. P values D. complete hypothesis E. goodness of fit Chapter 03 Mendelian Inheritance Key 1. The theory of pangenesis was first proposed by ________. A. Aristotle B. Galen C. Mendel D. Hippocrates E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 2. Which of the following is correct regarding the blending theory of inheritance? A. It believed that hereditary traits blended from one generation to the next B. It was possible for the blending to change the trait from one generation to the next C. It was supported by early research by Joseph Kölreuter D. It was the prevailing theory of inheritance prior to Mendel E. All of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 3. Mendel's work was rediscovered in 1900 by which of the following individual(s)? A. Carl Correns B. Erich von Tschermak C. Hugh de Vries D. All of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 4. Mendel's work on inheritance had an immediate influence on the scientific community and theories of inheritance. FALSE Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 5. Which of the following characteristics made the pea plant Pisum sativum an ideal organism for Mendel's studies? A. It has the ability to self-fertilize B. It was easy to cross-fertilize one plant with another C. It has easily identifiable traits D. All of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 6. The stamen represents the _____ portion of the plant, while the ovules represent the ____ portion of the plant. A. female ; male B. male ; female C. female ; female D. male ; male Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 7. Differences in plant flower color or plant height are called a variant of a trait. TRUE Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 8. Which of the following traits was not studied by Mendel? A. Flower color B. Seed color C. Pod color D. Pollen color E. Plant height Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 9. When studying a genetic cross, the second generation following the initial cross is identified by which of the following? A. P generation B. F1 generation C. F2 generation D. F3 generation E. P3 generation Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 10. A true breeding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod plants. All of their offspring have green pods. From this information, it can be stated that the green color is _____ to the yellow color. A. recessive B. dominant C. subservient D. blended E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 11. Mendel's work with monohybrid crosses provided proof of which of the following? A. Blending theory of inheritance B. Particulate theory of inheritance C. Chromosomal theory of inheritance D. Pangenesis E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 12. Mendel's work with single-factor crosses resulted in the development of which of the following? A. Law of segregation B. Law of independent assortment C. Theory of natural selection D. Law of biological evolution E. All of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 13. When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the phenotypic ratio of their offspring? A. 1:2:1 B. 9:3:3:1 C. 3:1 D. 7:4 E. Varied depending on the trait Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 14. When Mendel crossed two plants that were heterozygous for a single trait, what was the genotypic ratio of their offspring? A. 1:2:1 B. 9:3:3:1 C. 3:1 D. 1:1 E. Varied depending on the trait Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 15. An individual who has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be ___________. A. homozygous B. heterozygous C. isozygous D. a variant Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 16. The genetic composition of an individual is called its _____________. A. phenotype B. genotype C. hybrid D. dominance E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 17. The observable characteristics of an organism are called its ___________. A. phenotype B. genotype C. dominance D. genes E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 18. An individual who has two different alleles for a trait is called ____________. A. haploid B. homozygous C. heterozygous D. isozygous E. true-breeding Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 19. In a Punnett square diagram, the outside of the box represents the _________. A. diploid offspring B. haploid offspring C. diploid gametes D. haploid gametes Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 20. Mendel's work with two-factor (dihybrid) crosses led directly to which of the following? A. Chromosomal theory of inheritance B. Particulate theory of inheritance C. Law of segregation D. Law of independent assortment E. Theory of biological evolution Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.03 Topic: Inheritance 21. In a dihybrid cross using Mendelian inheritance, if both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what will be the phenotypic ratio of their offspring? A. 3:1 B. 1:2:1 C. 1:1 D. 9:3:3:1 Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.03 Topic: Inheritance 22. If a Punnett square is used to visualize a three-factor cross, how many boxes would be inside of the square? A. 3 B. 8 C. 48 D. 64 E. Can't be determined Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.03 Topic: Inheritance 23. In a dihybrid testcross, the individual being examined is crossed to which of the following? A. An individual who is homozygous dominant for one trait but not the other B. Self-fertilized C. An individual who is homozygous recessive for both traits D. An individual who is heterozygous for both traits Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.03 Topic: Inheritance 24. In humans, patterns of inheritance are often studied using which of the following? A. Dihybrid testcrosses B. Production of true-breeding lines C. Pedigree analysis D. Self-fertilization E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.04: Analyze pedigree diagrams for patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.05 Topic: Inheritance 25. The chance that a future event will occur is called ____________. A. probability B. goodness of fit C. degrees of freedom D. random selection E. All of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.05: Apply the rules of probability (sum, product, and binomial expansion) to the study of patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 26. A coin is flipped 100 times, with a result of 53 heads and 47 tails. The deviation between the observed numbers and the expected 50-50 results is called _________. A. probability B. degrees of freedom C. goodness of fit D. random sampling error E. standard error Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.05: Apply the rules of probability (sum, product, and binomial expansion) to the study of patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 27. Which of the following would be used to determine the probability of three independent events in order? A. Sum rule B. Product rule C. Chi-square test D. Binomial expansion E. Random sampling error Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.05: Apply the rules of probability (sum, product, and binomial expansion) to the study of patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 28. A couple would like to know what the probability is that out of five children, three will be girls. This is solved using which of the following? A. Sum rule B. Product rule C. Chi-square test D. Binomial expansion E. Random sampling error Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.05: Apply the rules of probability (sum, product, and binomial expansion) to the study of patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 29. The probability that one event or another will occur is based on which of the following? A. Sum rule B. Product rule C. Chi-square test D. Binomial expansion E. Random sampling error Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.05: Apply the rules of probability (sum, product, and binomial expansion) to the study of patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 30. Using Mendel's flower color (purple is dominant, white is recessive), if a two heterozygous plants are crossed, what is the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers? A. 1/2 B. 1/4 C. 6/4 D. 9/16 E. 1/16 Bloom's Level: 6. Create Learning Outcome: 03.05: Apply the rules of probability (sum, product, and binomial expansion) to the study of patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 31. The Chi-square test is used to prove that a hypothesis is correct. FALSE Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze Learning Outcome: 03.06: Use the chi-square test to examine the validity of a hypothesis. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 32. In a genetic cross, there are n classes of data. What would the degrees of freedom be for a chi-square test on this data? A. n B. n + 1 C. n - 1 D. 2n + 1 E. x(n) where x equals the number of individuals in the cross Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate Learning Outcome: 03.06: Use the chi-square test to examine the validity of a hypothesis. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 33. The likelihood that the observation variation from the expected is due to random chance is called the _________. A. P value B. goodness of fit C. degrees of freedom D. empirical approach E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.06: Use the chi-square test to examine the validity of a hypothesis. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 34. In the biological sciences, the hypothesis is usually rejected if the P value is _____. A. greater than 1 B. less than 0.30 C. less than 0.95 D. less than 0.05 E. less than 1 Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.06: Use the chi-square test to examine the validity of a hypothesis. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance 35. _______ is the belief that seeds are produced by all parts of the body and transmitted to the next generation. A. Hippocrates B. Pangenesis C. Blending D. Particulate theory E. Homunculus Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 36. Mendel had experience in the fields of _______ and _______. A. physics ; mathematics B. english ; mathematics C. psychology ; mathematics D. biology ; mathematics E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 37. If two individuals with different distinct characteristics are mated, their offspring is called a _______. A. strain B. true-breeding line C. gamete D. cross E. hybrid Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 38. If over several generations a trait does not vary in a group of organisms, that group can be called a _______. A. dihybrid B. hybrid C. true-breeding line D. variant E. cross-fertilized line Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. Section: 03.01 Topic: Inheritance 39. A cross in which a research investigates the patterns of inheritance of a single trait is called a _______. A. monohybrid cross B. dihybrid cross C. two-factor cross D. cross-fertilization E. self-fertilization Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 40. A(an) _______ is a variation of a gene. A. trait B. character C. gamete D. allele E. variant Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 41. The _______ refers to the genetic composition of an individual. A. character B. genotype C. phenotype D. dominant trait E. recessive trait Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 42. The _______ is the observable characteristics of an individual. A. character B. genotype C. phenotype D. dominant trait E. recessive trait Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.02 Topic: Inheritance 43. In a genetic cross, the _______ represent offspring with genetic combinations that were not found in the parental lines. A. P generation B. non-recombinates C. parentals D. non-parentals E. None of these choices are correct Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. Section: 03.03 Topic: Inheritance 44. The study of family trees in humans is called a _______ analysis. A. pedigree B. monohybrid C. dihybrid D. statistical E. probability Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.04: Analyze pedigree diagrams for patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.05 Topic: Inheritance 45. Statistical analysis determines the _______ between observed data and what was expected from the original hypothesis. A. testcross B. degrees of freedom C. P values D. complete hypothesis E. goodness of fit Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.05: Apply the rules of probability (sum, product, and binomial expansion) to the study of patterns of inheritance. Section: 03.06 Topic: Inheritance Chapter 03 Mendelian Inheritance Summary Category # of Questions Bloom's Level: 1. Remember 4 Bloom's Level: 2. Understand 23 Bloom's Level: 3. Apply 7 Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze 6 Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate 4 Bloom's Level: 6. Create 1 Learning Outcome: 03.01: Recognize the importance of Mendel's work to the study of inheritance. 15 Learning Outcome: 03.02: Construct Punnett square diagrams of one- and two-factor crosses to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios of offspring. 17 Learning Outcome: 03.04: Analyze pedigree diagrams for patterns of inheritance. 2 Learning Outcome: 03.05: Apply the rules of probability (sum, product, and binomial expansion) to the study of patterns of inheritance. 7 Learning Outcome: 03.06: Use the chi-square test to examine the validity of a hypothesis. 4 Section: 03.01 12 Section: 03.02 15 Section: 03.03 5 Section: 03.05 2 Section: 03.06 11 Topic: Inheritance 45