PSYCH 110: Exam 2
(do not flip) Opiates such as ______ and ______ promise relief from anxiety and stress.
heroin
fentanyl
Consciousness (def)
the aware ness of the sensations, thoughts and feelings we experience at a given moment.
- it is our SUBJECTIVE understanding of both the environment around us and our private
internal world, unobservable to outsiders.
difference between waking consciousness VS alt ered states of consciousness
W.C - we are awake and aware of our thoughts, emotions and perceptions
A.S.C - all other states of consciousness aka
- sleeping and dreaming
- drug use and hypnosis
What are methods of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness?
drug use and hypnosis
William James and his thoughts on consciousness (explain)
He was a 19th century psychologist that saw the study of consciousness as central to the field
Why did l ater psychologists refrain from studying consciousness and WHO instead was handed
the task to nitpick at the topic?
- they argued that consciousness could be understood only by relying "unscientifically" on what
experimental participants said they were experiencing
- philosophers instead were the ones handed the task to speculate on whether consciousness is
separate fr om the physical body and how body and mind relate to one another
What is the stance with modern day/contemporary psychologists on the studies of
consciousness?
- they reject the notion that studying consciousness is "unsuitable" for the field of psychology
- there are several approaches that allow the scientific study on the matter
How do behavioral neuroscientists study consciousness?
- They can measure brain -wave patterns under conditions of consciousness ranging from sleep to
waking to hypnotic trances
(do not flip)
new understanding of the chemistry of drugs such as marijuana and alcohol has provided insights
into the way they produce their pleasurable/adverse effects
(do not flip)
BELIEF 1:
Some psychologists believe that the experience of consciousness is produced by a quantitative
increase in neuronal activity that occurs throughout the brain
examples of statement from flashcard 11 / (BELIEF 1):
1 / 2
- alarm clock moves us from sleep to waking consciousness by its ringing
therefore, it stimulates neurons t hroughout the brain as a whole
(do not flip)
BELIEF 2:
the states of consciousness are produced by particular sets of neurons and neuronal pathways that
are activated in specific ways
examples of statement from flashcard 12/ (BELIEF 2):
- an alarm clock wa kes us from sleep into consciousness because specific neurons related to the
auditory nerve are activated
- the auditory nerve then sends a message to other neurons to release particular neurotransmitters
that produce awareness of the alarm
-- Beginning of Mod 14 --
Sleep Quiz (ALL FALSE)
1) it is proven fact that 8 hours of sleep are needed to remain mentally healthy
2) sleep "turn off" most brain activity to promote brain rest and recovery
3) sleep deprivation always causes mental imbalance
4) it is impos sible to go more than 48 hours without sleep
5) if we lose sleep we can always make it up another night or on the weekend
6) the best long -term cure for sleeplessness is regular use of insomnia medications
7) dreams are most often the result of stomach dis tress caused by what and when we eat
8) when we are sleeping and dreaming, our muscles are the most relaxed they can get
9) if you can't remember your dreams, it's because you want to forget them
10) many people never dream
(do not flip)
the brain is quite active during sleep.
-it produces electrical discharges with systematic, wavelike patterns that change in height ( or
amplitude) and speed (or frequency) in regular sequences.
- there is also significant physical activity in muscle and eye movements
What are the different stages of sleep and how long do the cycles last?
- Stage 1
- Stage 2
- Stage 3
- REM sleep
90 minutes in between each cycle
What can measure brain wave patterns?
EEG
As sleep moves from stage 1 through stage 3 the brain waves become ____
then it spikes up in activity during REM
slower
Stage 1 (explain) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
2 / 2
(do not flip) Opiates such as ______ and ______ promise relief from anxiety and stress.
heroin
fentanyl
Consciousness (def)
the aware ness of the sensations, thoughts and feelings we experience at a given moment.
- it is our SUBJECTIVE understanding of both the environment around us and our private
internal world, unobservable to outsiders.
difference between waking consciousness VS alt ered states of consciousness
W.C - we are awake and aware of our thoughts, emotions and perceptions
A.S.C - all other states of consciousness aka
- sleeping and dreaming
- drug use and hypnosis
What are methods of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness?
drug use and hypnosis
William James and his thoughts on consciousness (explain)
He was a 19th century psychologist that saw the study of consciousness as central to the field
Why did l ater psychologists refrain from studying consciousness and WHO instead was handed
the task to nitpick at the topic?
- they argued that consciousness could be understood only by relying "unscientifically" on what
experimental participants said they were experiencing
- philosophers instead were the ones handed the task to speculate on whether consciousness is
separate fr om the physical body and how body and mind relate to one another
What is the stance with modern day/contemporary psychologists on the studies of
consciousness?
- they reject the notion that studying consciousness is "unsuitable" for the field of psychology
- there are several approaches that allow the scientific study on the matter
How do behavioral neuroscientists study consciousness?
- They can measure brain -wave patterns under conditions of consciousness ranging from sleep to
waking to hypnotic trances
(do not flip)
new understanding of the chemistry of drugs such as marijuana and alcohol has provided insights
into the way they produce their pleasurable/adverse effects
(do not flip)
BELIEF 1:
Some psychologists believe that the experience of consciousness is produced by a quantitative
increase in neuronal activity that occurs throughout the brain
examples of statement from flashcard 11 / (BELIEF 1):
1 / 2
- alarm clock moves us from sleep to waking consciousness by its ringing
therefore, it stimulates neurons t hroughout the brain as a whole
(do not flip)
BELIEF 2:
the states of consciousness are produced by particular sets of neurons and neuronal pathways that
are activated in specific ways
examples of statement from flashcard 12/ (BELIEF 2):
- an alarm clock wa kes us from sleep into consciousness because specific neurons related to the
auditory nerve are activated
- the auditory nerve then sends a message to other neurons to release particular neurotransmitters
that produce awareness of the alarm
-- Beginning of Mod 14 --
Sleep Quiz (ALL FALSE)
1) it is proven fact that 8 hours of sleep are needed to remain mentally healthy
2) sleep "turn off" most brain activity to promote brain rest and recovery
3) sleep deprivation always causes mental imbalance
4) it is impos sible to go more than 48 hours without sleep
5) if we lose sleep we can always make it up another night or on the weekend
6) the best long -term cure for sleeplessness is regular use of insomnia medications
7) dreams are most often the result of stomach dis tress caused by what and when we eat
8) when we are sleeping and dreaming, our muscles are the most relaxed they can get
9) if you can't remember your dreams, it's because you want to forget them
10) many people never dream
(do not flip)
the brain is quite active during sleep.
-it produces electrical discharges with systematic, wavelike patterns that change in height ( or
amplitude) and speed (or frequency) in regular sequences.
- there is also significant physical activity in muscle and eye movements
What are the different stages of sleep and how long do the cycles last?
- Stage 1
- Stage 2
- Stage 3
- REM sleep
90 minutes in between each cycle
What can measure brain wave patterns?
EEG
As sleep moves from stage 1 through stage 3 the brain waves become ____
then it spikes up in activity during REM
slower
Stage 1 (explain) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
2 / 2
