GVPT 200 Final Exam Updated 2023 with complete
solution
Democratic Peace
theory which posits that democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other
identified democracies
Dyadic
the idea that democracies are less likely to fight each other, they are peaceful with each
other
Monadic
the idea that democracies are less likely to fight any state; they are more pacific
generally
Absolute (dyadic)
argue that democracies have never fought (one another)
Probabilistic/Relative (dyadic)
most simply argue that democracies are less likely to fight (one another)
Immanuel Kant-Perpetual Peace (1795)
believed "republican" states would experience a zone of "perpetual peace"
Woodrow Wilson (1917 message to Congress)
"a steadfast concert of peace can never be maintained except by a partnership of
democratic nations"
Normative/Cultural
-democracies rely upon non-violent conflict resolution (rule of law, compromise,
negotiation) to resolve disagreements within their societies
-when democracy is involved in an international dispute (with another democracy), it is
able to apply these same norms of compromise, negotiation, legality, etc. to resolve the
dispute
Structural/Institutional
-democratic leaders must obtain the approval of a variety of governmental and societal
actors in order to wage war
-because the process is long and can be blocked, some potential wars are averted
Complementary Explanations to Democratic Peace
-economic ties/trade
-international organization membership
Alternative Theoretical Explanations
-statistical anomaly
-alliance ties
-wealth
-"golden arches"
Democratization and War
-countries transitioning to democracy ("democratizing") are more violent (dramatic
transitions)
-domestic pressures create incentives for elites to make nationalist appeals
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
, the total of all goods and services produced by a country over some period of time
(usually a year)
Gross National Product (GNP)
same as GDP but adds value of goods and services produced by your citizens living
abroad, minus value of goods and services produced by foreigners living in your country
Per Capita
divide statistics such as GDP or GNP by population ("average" wealth)
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
an index of how much a "basket" of standard goods costs in each country
HDI
combines: life expectancy, education index (adult literacy and school enrollment at
grade school thru high school levels), and GDP per capita (PPP)
Globalization
the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all
aspects of contemporary social life
Economic Globalization entails
-increased volume of international trade
-regional economic integration
-ability of investors to transfer money across borders
-ability of actors to obtain money from abroad
-the globalization of production (MNCs)
What Makes Economic Globalization Possible
-reduction of trade barriers
-removal of capital controls
-technological advances
-the development of international economic institutions (WTO, IMF, World Bank)
Bretton Woods System
-post WW2 arrangement for managing the world economy
-created the world bank and the IMF
GATT
-world organization established in 1947 to work for freer trade on multilateral basis -
negotiating
-WTO was successor to GATT (happened in 1995)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
to remove trade barriers and to facilitate the expansion of trade
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
to provide short-term loans to members to help maintain currency convertibility
-last resort
-coordination
-signal
Criticisms of the IMF
-dominated by Western governments and elites
-secretive and unaccountable
-"overprescribes" solutions that are too harsh
IMF Conditionality
solution
Democratic Peace
theory which posits that democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other
identified democracies
Dyadic
the idea that democracies are less likely to fight each other, they are peaceful with each
other
Monadic
the idea that democracies are less likely to fight any state; they are more pacific
generally
Absolute (dyadic)
argue that democracies have never fought (one another)
Probabilistic/Relative (dyadic)
most simply argue that democracies are less likely to fight (one another)
Immanuel Kant-Perpetual Peace (1795)
believed "republican" states would experience a zone of "perpetual peace"
Woodrow Wilson (1917 message to Congress)
"a steadfast concert of peace can never be maintained except by a partnership of
democratic nations"
Normative/Cultural
-democracies rely upon non-violent conflict resolution (rule of law, compromise,
negotiation) to resolve disagreements within their societies
-when democracy is involved in an international dispute (with another democracy), it is
able to apply these same norms of compromise, negotiation, legality, etc. to resolve the
dispute
Structural/Institutional
-democratic leaders must obtain the approval of a variety of governmental and societal
actors in order to wage war
-because the process is long and can be blocked, some potential wars are averted
Complementary Explanations to Democratic Peace
-economic ties/trade
-international organization membership
Alternative Theoretical Explanations
-statistical anomaly
-alliance ties
-wealth
-"golden arches"
Democratization and War
-countries transitioning to democracy ("democratizing") are more violent (dramatic
transitions)
-domestic pressures create incentives for elites to make nationalist appeals
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
, the total of all goods and services produced by a country over some period of time
(usually a year)
Gross National Product (GNP)
same as GDP but adds value of goods and services produced by your citizens living
abroad, minus value of goods and services produced by foreigners living in your country
Per Capita
divide statistics such as GDP or GNP by population ("average" wealth)
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
an index of how much a "basket" of standard goods costs in each country
HDI
combines: life expectancy, education index (adult literacy and school enrollment at
grade school thru high school levels), and GDP per capita (PPP)
Globalization
the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all
aspects of contemporary social life
Economic Globalization entails
-increased volume of international trade
-regional economic integration
-ability of investors to transfer money across borders
-ability of actors to obtain money from abroad
-the globalization of production (MNCs)
What Makes Economic Globalization Possible
-reduction of trade barriers
-removal of capital controls
-technological advances
-the development of international economic institutions (WTO, IMF, World Bank)
Bretton Woods System
-post WW2 arrangement for managing the world economy
-created the world bank and the IMF
GATT
-world organization established in 1947 to work for freer trade on multilateral basis -
negotiating
-WTO was successor to GATT (happened in 1995)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
to remove trade barriers and to facilitate the expansion of trade
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
to provide short-term loans to members to help maintain currency convertibility
-last resort
-coordination
-signal
Criticisms of the IMF
-dominated by Western governments and elites
-secretive and unaccountable
-"overprescribes" solutions that are too harsh
IMF Conditionality
