Abdominal Sonography - Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions

what are the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic cavity? correct answer: Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lateral lumbar, umbilical, left lateral lumbar, right inguinal (groin), pubic (hypogastric), left inguinal (groin) what are the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity? correct answer: right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant what are the subcutaneous layers and muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall? correct answer: layers (superficial to deep): skin, camper's fascia, scarpa fascia, deep fascia, endoabdominal fascia (transversalis), extraperitoneal fat, parietal peritoneum muscles: rectus abdominus, pyramidalis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis what are the layers and muscles of the posterior abdominal wall? correct answer: layers: skin, subcutaneous tissue, endoabdominal and transversalis fascia, intrinsic/deep back muscles, thoracolumbar fascia, vertebra muscles: psoas major, iliacus, quadratus lumborum, psoas minor, iliopsoas, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, transversospinal what does the diaphragm separate? What 2 things is it composed of? What does the superior surface form? What does the inferior surface form? What does it do during inspiration? What does it do during expiration? correct answer: separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity composed of muscle and tendinous tissue sup: forms floor of thoracic cavity inf: forms roof of abdominal cavity descends during inspiration, ascends during exhalation what are the 3 attachments to the diaphragm? correct answer: sternum, costal (ribs), lumbar what are the 3 openings in the diaphragm (at the hiatus)? correct answer: 1. Caval: most superior, IVC, terminal branches of R phrenic n. and some lymphatic vessels 2. esophageal: superior to aortic, esophagus, ant and post vagal esophageal branches of L gastric vessels and some lymphatic vessels, associated w muscles of R crus 3. aortic: between R and L crura, post to median arcuate ligaments, AO, thoracic duct, and sometimes azygos and hemiazygos vv., not affected by contraction/relaxation of diaphragm mm. how does the abdominal wall appear on sonogram? correct answer: fascia may appear as thin hyperechoic lines, muscles will be a medium level gray and may appear striated, fatty subQ tissue should appear as a medium level gray and homogenous how does the diaphragm appear on sonogram? correct answer: thin, curvilinear, hyperechoic (adults)/hypoechoic (fetus) band, crura appear as thin, hypoechoic (medium level) bands that thicken during deep inspiration what does a trauma in the abdominal wall look like on sonogram? correct answer: appear thicker and more anechoic due to edema, a disorganized, coarse echo pattern is seen w inflammatory response to injury what are abdominal wall he