EMT-B AAOS Final Test| 135 questions with 100% correct answers.

You suspect that a 6-year-old girl has broken her leg after falling from a swing at a playground. Shortly after you arrive, the child's mother appears and refuses to allow you to continue treatment. You should: A. use your authority under the implied consent law. B. ask the mother to sign a refusal form and then leave. C. tell the mother that her refusal is a form of child abuse. D. try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed. D. try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed. A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should: A. place him in a position of comfort, deliver oxygen via nasal cannula, and closely monitor his breathing. B. force fluid from his alveoli by hyperventilating him with a bag-mask device at a rate of at least 20 breaths/min. C. place him in a supine position and assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device and high-flow oxygen. D. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. D. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: A. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. B. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. C. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts. D. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. A. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should: A. place her in a left lateral recumbent position. B. position her supine and elevate her legs 12″. C. carefully place sterile gauze into her vagina. D. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. A. place her in a left lateral recumbent position. A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: A. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block. B. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. D. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. performing a series of abdominal thrusts. B. finger sweeps to remove the obstruction. C. encouraging him to cough and transporting. D. a series of back blows and chest thrusts. C. encouraging him to cough and transporting. Febrile seizures: A. are usually benign but should be evaluated. B. are also referred to as petit mal seizures. C. often result in permanent brain damage. D. occur when a child's fever progressively rises. A. are usually benign but should be evaluated. A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should: A. straighten his arm and apply a board splint. B. perform a rapid secondary assessment. C. immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe. D. place a pillow under his arm and apply a sling. C. immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe. A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should: A. perform abdominal thrusts. B. give oxygen and transport at once. C. perform a blind finger sweep. D. visualize the child's airway. A. perform abdominal thrusts. A major benefit when using a multilumen airway device is that: A. maintenance of a mask-to-face seal is not required. B. the airway is better protected than with an ET tube. C. it can be used on patients of any age and size. D. it can be visualized as it enters the esophagus. C. it can be used on patients of any age and size. A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response? A. 5 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4 C. 2 During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should: A. immediately determine the patient's blood glucose level. B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assist ventilations. C. ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed. D. ask family members if the patient has a history of stroke. C. ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed. A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? A. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations. B. Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-mask device to minimize hypoxia. C. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation. D. Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed. C. Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation. A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12′,landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should: A. perform a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine. B. allow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable. C. obtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen. D. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam. D. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam. If you properly assess and stabilize a patient at the scene, driving to the hospital with excessive speed: A. increases the patient's chance for survival. B. is allowable according to state law. C. is often necessary if the patient is critical. D. will decrease the driver's reaction time. D. will decrease the driver's reaction time. Which patient is breathing adequately? a. 43 year old male, respirations are 15/min, regular chest motions b. 18 year old male, respirations are 28/min, shallow chest movements c. 7 year old female, respirations are 12/min, irregular rhythm, using diaphragm primarily d. 3 month old male; Respirations 62/min, using diaphragm and muscles in chest and neck a. 43 year old male, respirations are 15/min, regular chest motions A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via subcutaneous injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: A. request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away. B. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. D. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route. C. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient? A. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. B. Remain at the scene with the patient and request a paramedic ambulance. C. Quickly determine if there are any bystanders who may carry epinephrine. D. Ask the patient if he has any diphenhydramine (Benadryl) tablets that you can administer. A. Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept. A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for this patient? A. 100% supplemental oxygen B. treating her for possible shock C. gentle palpation of the pelvis D. performing a full-body scan C. gentle palpation of the pelvis An IO needle is inserted into the: A. distal femur. B. proximal fibula. C. proximal tibia. D. distal humerus. C. proximal tibia. You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should: A. apply a nonrebreathing mask. B. begin ventilatory assistance. C. obtain baseline vital signs. D. attach the automated external defibrillator (AED) immediately. B. begin ventilatory assistance. The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called: A. convection. B. radiation. C. conduction. D. evaporation. D. evaporation. After recognizing that an incident involves a hazardous material, you should contact the hazardous materials team and then: A. not allow anyone within 25′ to 50′ of the incident scene. B. take measures to ensure the safety of yourself and others. C. identify the chemical using the Emergency Response Guidebook. D. don standard equipment before gaining access to any patients. B. take measures to ensure the safety of yourself and others. After intubating a 44-year-old unconscious, apneic male, you place him on the ambulance stretcher and prepare to load him into the ambulance. After he is placed into the ambulance, you should: A. continue ventilations with an automatic ventilator. B. reconfirm that the ET tube is still correctly positioned. C. hyperventilate the patient for approximately 30 seconds. D. reassess the patient's vital signs and attach an AED. B. reconfirm that the ET tube is still correctly positioned. You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should: A. ask your partner to apply cricoid pressure. B. remove the oral airway and suction her oropharynx. C. roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway. D. perform a finger sweep of her mouth. C. roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway. A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: A. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. B. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. C. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device. D. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. A. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe: A. the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack. B. a severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate. C. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia. D. the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded. C. a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia. Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by: A. widespread dilation of the systemic vasculature. B. decreased pumping force of the heart muscle. C. hypovolemia secondary to severe vomiting. D. a profound increase in the patient's heart rate. B. decreased pumping force of the heart muscle. An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may: A. result in airway swelling. B. result in a soft-tissue injury. C. cause the child to vomit. D. depress the gag reflex. C. cause the child to vomit.