ABO exam prep part 1 glossary with complete solutions

Accommodation - ANSWER-Focusing of the eye on a near object through relaxation of the ciliary muscle and thickening of the lens. Amblyopia - ANSWER-The loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye. Ametropia - ANSWER-A refractive error in which the eye, when in a state of rest, does not focus the image of an object upon the retina; includes hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism. Aniseikonia - ANSWER-A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs in size or shape from that seen by the other eye that the two images cannot be fused into a single impression. Anisometropia - ANSWER-A condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the other; each eye must have the same sign, eyes are myopic or hyperopic. Antimetropia - ANSWER-The refractive condition whereby the signs in each eye are opposite; one eye is hyperopic while the other is myopic. Aphakia - ANSWER-An absence of the crystalline lens of the eye. Aqueous humor - ANSWER-The clear watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers within the front part of the eye. Astigmatism - ANSWER-A refractive error that prevents the light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina because of different degrees of refraction in the various meridians of the eye. Cataract - ANSWER-A condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye, or its capsule, or both, become opaque, with consequent loss of visual acuity. Choroid - ANSWER-The vascular intermediate coat that furnishes nourishment to other parts of the eyeball, manufactures aqueous fluid Ciliary body - ANSWER-That portion of the vascular coat between the iris and the choroid. lt consists of ciliary processes and the ciliary muscle Compound hyperopic astigmatism - ANSWER-The refractive error which results in two points of focus falling behind the retina.